Anderson, L.: Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon, Global and Planetary Change, 92-93, 198–208, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012, 2012.

Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon

Drought periods (i.e., drier winters and/or a more rain-dominated seasonal precipitation balance) generally correspond with higher calcite d18O values, and vice-versa;although lake-water values are currently observed to change  through the ice-free season from ?16.7? to ?13.5? (n= 10),  the late summer values are artificially elevated (inset of Fig. 3.).  The lower, early summer values are similar to average weighted  precipitation-?18O, and similar to values inferred from near-surface  calcite-?18O prior to 1953 (see Fig. 3 in Anderson, 2011). It is on  this basis that variations in through-flowing Bison Lake water-?18O are interpreted as precipitation-?18O and changes in the ratio of the seasonal precipitation balance between snowfall-dominated  ?18O) and rainfall-dominated (higher ?18O).

Variations in Yellow Lake past lake-water-?18O are interpreted in two ways. When the basin was over-flowing, past lake-water-?18O values are interpreted similarly to  Bison Lake that is in terms of the seasonal balance of precipitation.  When the basin closed, past lake-water-?18O values are interpreted  as secondary effects of summer evaporation: higher lake-water ?18O values reflect more summer evaporation, or less effective moisture  (precipitation?evaporation), whereas lower values reflect less evapo-  ration, or increased effective moisture.

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