There is a good visual match between the smoothed coral record and the similarly smoothed Madang rainfall record for the period from the late 1950s onwards (Fig. 3B). Periods of low rainfall coincide with deposition of isotopically heavy skeleton.... Periods of high amplitude of annual cycle tend to coincide in both records, and these periods tend to occur during the El Nifio phase of the Southern Oscillation. These results suggest that, although relatively small in absolute terms, the observed variations in the amplitude of the coral dI80 annual cycle (about 0.l-0.2 permil) may be attributed mainly to variations in rainfall.

inter-annual temperature variations are related to the SO activity, and, although relatively small, these will tend to magnify the SO signal in 
the coral d18O.

Madang Lagoon Papua New Guinea, 1921-1991

year (MAT3848a32da7): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'

year (MAT3848a32da7): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'

year (MAT3848a32da7): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
year (MAT3848a32da7): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'

d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation2_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'

d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation2_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'