DK: Most complete of three ostracode species analyzed.

For stable isotope analysis, each 1 cm subsample was disaggregated by soaking in 3% H2O2 and subsequently sieved at 250 mm. The .250 mm fraction was collected on filter paper, dried at 60�C and transferred to glass scintillation vials. Ostracods and gastropods were separated from the matrix using a dissecting microscope at 10 � magnification. Adult specimens of the ostracod Cytheridella boldi were picked from the sieved 425?500 mm fraction, Heterocypris communis were picked from the 351?500 mm fraction, and Cypria obtusa were picked from the 250?300 mm fraction. Specimens of the gastropod Pyrgophorus sp. were separated from the sieved .1000 mm fraction. Ostracod valves were cleaned of organic material using 15% H2O2, then washed in deionized water, rinsed in methanol, and dried. Gastropods were cleaned in the same manner, except that specimens were cleaned further by sonication. Samples consisting of many monospecific ostracod carapaces (|15 C. boldi, |20 H. communis, |25 C. obtusa) were loaded into a stainless-steel carrying boat, crushed with a glass rod dipped in methanol and allowed to dry overnight. Numerous monospecific ostracod valves were used to constitute a sample to reduce variance that might result from running single, short-lived individuals whose isotopic signatures might reflect short-term (i.e., seasonal) water-column temperature and salinity conditions (Heaton et al., 1995)

Lake level also important as lake not always closed but Since ,3000 14C yr BP the level of Lake Valencia has been dropping. Lake closed in present day, but last 2k isotoeps realtively fresh suggesting more open system?

DK: Reject and defer to ostracode-based timeseries. Good for replication

One ostracod species used here but other shell typrsd show similar trends with values offset with a smaller range

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