Ryves, David B. , Mills, Keely , Bennike, Ole , Brodersen, Klaus Peter , Lamb, Angela L. , Leng, Melanie J. , Russell, James M. , Ssemmanda, Immaculate

Ryves, D. B., Mills, K., Bennike, O., Brodersen, K. P., Lamb, A. L., Leng, M. J., Russell, J. M. and Ssemmanda, I.: Environmental change over the last millennium recorded in two contrasting crater lakes in western Uganda, eastern Africa (Lakes Kasenda and Wandakara), Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(5-6), 555–569, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.011, 2011.

Environmental change over the last millennium recorded in two contrasting crater lakes in western Uganda, eastern Africa (Lakes Kasenda and Wandakara)

Agilent GC 6890, Delta Plus XL IRMS via pyrolysis interface at 1445C

We interpret dDwax in the Challa sedimentary record as a proxy the strength of the ?East African Monsoon (EAM)?, in the sense that the monsoon strength is defined by zonal wind speed velocities during the two rainy seasons (OND and MAM).

Vegetation and humidity effects are negligble, "Thus, we assume in this study that dDwax represents mean annual dDP." ... "Instrumental measurements of the isotopic composition of East African precipitation are correlated with 850 hPa zonal wind speeds in the central Indian Ocean (5 Ne5 S, 60 Ee90 E), with stronger zonal wind speed resulting in more depleted precipitation (Vuille et al., 2005). Isotope-enabled modeling experiments confirm that shifts in zonal wind speed in the Indian Ocean e such as those that might occur during an IOZM event or during a strong Indian summer monsoon e result in isotopically-depleted rainfall throughout East Africa (Vuille et al., 2005)."

Notes to isotope interpretation parameter 1: (1) Zonal wind speed is implied to impact both rainfall amounts and moisture source, though not explicitly stated. (2) Note that zonal wind speeds in the paper refer to easterly (onshore) transport, opposite of the conventional "u wind" parameter where stronger u = stronger westerly wind.

year (MAT4d02d57c05): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
depth (MAT707747961b): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'