If changes in vegetation surrounding Lake Wandakara were mainly driven by rainfall, ?13CC30 and ?DC30 should also be positively correlated: during intervals of drought shifts toward C4 ecosystems would occur, recorded by enriched ?DC30 values. However, ?13CC30 and ?DC30 are clearly negatively correlated (Fig. 5). In fact, large positive shifts in ?13CC30 are associated with depleted ?DC30 values, and peak ?13CC30 from AD 1200 to 1440 occurs during an interval of regionally wet climate conditions (Russell et al., 2007, Russell and Johnson, 2007). This suggests that the abrupt shifts toward C4 vegetation were not caused by climate but instead by human activities on the landscape, presumably forest clearance for agriculture (Ssemmanda et al., 2005).

Human-induced changes in vegetation type

depth (LPD28794972): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
year (LPDcb260002): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'

depth (LPD28794972): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (LPD28794972): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
year (LPDcb260002): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
year (LPDcb260002): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'

d2H (LS09RUWA01A): interpretation1_variable: 'human-induced grass expansion' has been replaced by 'deleteMe'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): interpretation2_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): interpretation2_variable: 'P_isotope & Veg' has been replaced by 'precipitationIsotope'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): interpretation3_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01A): interpretation3_variable: 'Human-induced changes in vegetation type' has been replaced by 'deleteMe'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): interpretation1_variable: 'P/E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): interpretation2_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B): interpretation2_variable: 'I_E' has been replaced by 'hydrologicBalance'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): interpretation1_variable: 'P/E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): interpretation2_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d2H (LS09RUWA01B2): interpretation2_variable: 'I_E' has been replaced by 'hydrologicBalance'