Finnigan MAT 251 mass spectrometer with Kiel Carbonate Device, arian Vista-PRO Simultaneous ICP-OES

0.04permil (1sigma) for d18O, 0.011 mmol/mol (1sigma) for Sr/Ca

coral-based d18Osw is poorly correlated to local rainfall, and likely reflects ocean advection

Sr/Ca data to monthly SST from the 2� � 2� grid square centered on 4�N, 172�E from the extended reconstructed SST version 3b (ERSSTv3b) data product [Smith et al., 2008; ttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd] [?] Annual Sr/Ca maxima were tied to the coolest points in the SST record using Analyseries [Paillard et al., 1996]. The resulting spacing of Sr/Ca data remained relatively constant throughout the record, and the chronology was verified against growth band counts from the X-radiograph. After converting depth to time in Analyseries, Sr/Ca were interpolated to six equally spaced samples per year using ARAND time series analysis software [Howell, 2001], corresponding  to bimonthly resolution for the length of the record.

d18Osw derived using centering method described in Cahyarini et al., 2008, with Sr/Ca-SST slope of -0.084 mmol/mol/?C and d18O-SST slope of -0.22 ?/?C

Ren et al., 2002; Cahyarini et al., 2008

Finnigan MAT 251 mass spectrometer with Kiel Carbonate Device

ENSO dominates d18O on interannual timescales. On decadal and longer timescales, larger scale processes such as PDO likely influence d18O.

The full Butaritari coral Sr/Ca and d18O (Figures 3b and 3c) are well correlated with SST from the 2° x 2° grid cell centered on 4°N, 172°E in ERSSTv3b (R = 0.58 for Sr/Ca and 0.39 for d18O, p < 0.05 on detrended bimonthly data).

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