; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally Annual/winter

Leijonhufvud, Lotta;Wilson, Rob;Moberg, Anders;Söderberg, Johan;Retsö, Dag;Söderlind, Ulrica

Five centuries of Stockholm winter/spring temperatures reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations

By refining dendroclimatological methods the time-series were composited to a mean series and calibrated (1756_1841; r2 = 66%) against Stockholm January_April temperatures.

2 sigma (i.e. 1.96 multiplied by the SE of the estimate from the calibration and error modelling) error bars

The Tallinn temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy data

In order to extend the Tallinn temperature series backward in time three different climate proxies were used. These were: the first day of ice break-up in Tallinn port a proxy for the mean winter air temperature (December to March); the first day of ice break-up on the rivers in northern Estonia a proxy for the beginning of spring; and the first day of the rye harvest a proxy for the mean air temperature in spring and summer (April to July). On the basis of these proxies the mean winter temperature could be extended back to the year AD 1500 and the spring and summer temperature back to 1731.

ice break-up: 1 deg C; max. 3 deg C; rye harvest: 0.4-06. deg C

The temperature reconstruction is preferred from this site

ice break-up:  difference is only 1.3 days with a standard deviation of 8.5 days

Büntgen, U.;Kyncl, T.;Ginzler, C.;Jacks, D. S.;Esper, J.;Tegel, W.;Heussner, K.-U.;Kyncl, J.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Filling the eastern European gap in millennium-long temperature reconstructions

Aqaba annual d18O composition 1788-1992, 1886-1992

Heiss, G.A.;Dullo, W.C.;Joachimski, M.M.;Reijmer, J.J.G.;Schuhmacher, H.

Increased seasonality in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, recorded in the oxygen isotope record of a Porites lutea coral

Tierney, Jessica E.;Abram, Nerilie J.;Anchukaitis, Kevin J.;Evans, Michael N.;Giry, Cyril;Kilbourne, K. Halimeda;Saenger, Casey P.;Wu, Henry C.;Zinke, Jens