{ "paleoData": [ { "measurementTable": [ { "googleWorkSheetKey": "or777kj", "tableName": "paleo1measurement1", "missingValue": "NaN", "d18O": { "archiveGenus": "Diploria", "archiveSpecies": "Diploria strigosa", "chronologyIntegrationTime": "1", "chronologyIntegrationTimeBasis": "Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUncertainty": "~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUncertaintyType": "chronological", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUnits": "month", "description": "carbonate", "hasChron": "0", "hasMaxValue": -3.5019, "hasMeanValue": -4.0681, "hasMedianValue": -4.0718, "hasMinValue": -4.63, "hasPaleoDepth": "0", "hasTimeTsid": "MATf8d8b6ebd4", "inferredMaterial": "surface seawater", "inferredMaterialGroup": "surface water", "inferredMaterialGroupOriginal": "surface seawater", "instrument": "Thermo Finnigan Gasbench II Delta plus at IFM-GEOMAR.", "iso2kCertification": "DMT (1/14/19)", "iso2kPrimaryTimeseries": "TRUE", "iso2kUI": "CO08HEVE01A", "isPrimary": false, "longName": "AD", "measurementMaterial": "coral", "measurementMaterialDetail": "aragonite", "measurementStandard": "VPDB", "measurementTableMD5": "24ede7536f322e7dd6b711323ba7d901", "measurementTableName": "measurementTable1", "medianRes12k": "NA", "notes": "; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally monthly; archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO)", "pages2kId": "Ocn_147", "pages2kID": "Ocn_147", "paleoDataMD5": "24e7acaf2a590da84638f286f595bc1d", "paleoDataTableName": "pt1_1", "paleoMeasurementTableMD5": "8c194bfd695a8f0fa05be3610348d9ab", "primaryAgeColumn": false, "proxy": "d18O", "proxyLumps": "isotope", "proxyLumpsOriginal": "d18O", "QCCertification": "DMT (1/14/19)", "TSid": "Ocean2kHR_096_iso2k", "uncertaintyAnalytical": "0.06? (1?)", "uncertaintyReproducibility": "The overlapping parts of sampling transects along different thecal walls were used to assess the reproducibility of the oxygen isotopic signal. 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-4.4091, -4.4421, -4.3985, -4.378, -4.291, -4.3808, -4.409, -4.2888, -4.1413, -4.0987, -4.1207, -4.2168, -4.3013, -4.357, -4.3953, -4.432, -4.2078, -4.0134, -3.946, -4.0972, -4.2513, -4.2966, -4.2776, -4.2799, -4.3927, -4.4612, -4.5065, -4.561, -4.4267, -4.2349, -4.242, -4.1254, -4.2117, -4.298, -4.3245, -4.3509, -4.3539, -4.3558, -4.4638, -4.581], "mostRecentCompilations": null, "primaryTimeseries": null, "QCnotes": null, "interpretation": [ { "direction": "decrease", "interpDirection": "decrease", "scope": "climate", "seasonality": "subannual", "variable": "temperature", "variableDetail": "sea surface", "variableGroup": "temperature and precipitation", "basis": null, "dynamical": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "basis": "Hetzinger 2006 calibration and general d18O to SST slope for corals used (-0.2)", "coefficient": -0.2, "direction": "negative", "fraction": 0.3364, "inferredMaterial": "seawater", "integrationTime": "1", "integrationTimeBasis": "Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.", "integrationTimeUncertainty": "~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology", "integrationTimeUncertaintyType": "chronological", "integrationTimeUnits": "month", "mathematicalRelation": "linear", "rank": 1, "scope": "isotope", "seasonality": "subannual", "variable": "temperature", "variableGroup": "Temperature", "variableGroupDirection": "negative", "variableGroupOriginal": "T_water" }, { "basis": "However, the magnitude of the multidecadal variations in coral d18O is larger than expected based on SST alone. The standard deviation of the smoothed SST index shown in Figure 1B is 0.12i¿½C (based on SST from the HadISSTv.1.1 database; Rayner et al., 2003), while the standard deviation of coral !18O is 0.06?, which would correspond to 0.3 i¿½C, assuming well-established relationships. Hence, ~50% of the amplitude is due to variations in d18Oseawater. The d18Oseawater contribution is estimated by calculating the d18Oresidual (i.e., by subtracting the SST component from measured coral d18O; for details see GSA Data Repository). Figure 1C compares the d18Oresidual with a regional precipitation index computed from weather stations in the southeastern Caribbean, which includes the study site. The d18Oresidual and precipitation are highly correlated at low frequencies, implying that multidecadal d18Oseawater variations are primarily atmosphere-driven (r = ?0.46; 1923?1998; and r = ?0.67 for detrended values).", "coefficient": "NA", "direction": "negative", "fraction": "NA", "inferredMaterial": "seawater", "integrationTime": "1", "integrationTimeBasis": "Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.", "integrationTimeUncertainty": "~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology", "integrationTimeUncertaintyType": "chronological", "integrationTimeUnits": "month", "mathematicalRelation": "linear", "rank": 2, "scope": "isotope", "variable": "seawaterIsotope", "variableGroup": "EffectiveMoisture", "variableGroupDirection": "negative", "variableGroupOriginal": "d18O_seawater", "seasonality": null }, { "coefficient": "NA", "fraction": "NA", "rank": "NA", "scope": "isotope", "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null } ], "calibration": { "reference": "Hetzinger 2006 10.1029/2006GC001347" }, "hasResolution": { "hasMaxValue": 0.09, "hasMeanValue": 0.0833, "hasMedianValue": 0.08, "hasMinValue": 0.08, "units": "AD" }, "inCompilationBeta": [ { "compilationName": "iso2k", "compilationVersion": ["0_14_8", "0_15_0", "1_0_0", "1_1_0", "1_1_1", "1_1_2"] } ] }, "year": 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"Hetzinger, Stephan", "lipdverseLink": "https://lipdverse.org/data/yZ874JD7h0OCRUETqUrr/1_0_6", "maxYear": 2004.79, "minYear": 1917.79, "modernSystem_instrumentalDatasetCoordinates": "11.77, -66.75", "modernSystem_instrumentalDatasetURL": "http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/caribbean/losroques2008.txt, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:12891", "nUniqueAges": 0, "nUniqueGoodAges": 0, "nUniqueOtherAges": 0, "originalDataUrl": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12891", "originalDataURL": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12891", "studyName": "Los Roques, Venezuela 1918-2004 Monthly Coral d18O Data", "tagMD5": "4f3fb64b562156d30f9ae8a1bb1e4ca5", "lipdVersion": 1.3, "changelog": [ { "version": "1.0.6", "lastVersion": "1.0.5", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-05-20 16:18:34.623013 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.5", "lastVersion": "1.0.4", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-17 20:03:58.619838 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Column metadata": [ ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'"], ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.4", "lastVersion": "1.0.3", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-11 16:13:37.576256 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_basis: 'Hetzinger 2006 calibration and general d18O to SST slope for corals used (-0.2)' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_coefficient: '-0.2' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_fraction: '0.3364' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_integrationTime: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_integrationTimeBasis: 'Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_integrationTimeUncertainty: '~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: 'chronological' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_integrationTimeUnits: 'month' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_rank: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_seasonality: 'subannual' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variable: 'temperature' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variableGroup: 'Temperature' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variableGroupOriginal: 'T_water' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_basis: 'However, the magnitude of the multidecadal variations in coral d18O is larger than expected based on SST alone. The standard deviation of the smoothed SST index shown in Figure 1B is 0.12i¿½C (based on SST from the HadISSTv.1.1 database; Rayner et al., 2003), while the standard deviation of coral !18O is 0.06?, which would correspond to 0.3 i¿½C, assuming well-established relationships. Hence, ~50% of the amplitude is due to variations in d18Oseawater. The d18Oseawater contribution is estimated by calculating the d18Oresidual (i.e., by subtracting the SST component from measured coral d18O; for details see GSA Data Repository). Figure 1C compares the d18Oresidual with a regional precipitation index computed from weather stations in the southeastern Caribbean, which includes the study site. The d18Oresidual and precipitation are highly correlated at low frequencies, implying that multidecadal d18Oseawater variations are primarily atmosphere-driven (r = ?0.46; 1923?1998; and r = ?0.67 for detrended values).' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_integrationTime: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_integrationTimeBasis: 'Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_integrationTimeUncertainty: '~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: 'chronological' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_integrationTimeUnits: 'month' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_rank: '2' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variable: 'seawaterIsotope' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variableGroup: 'EffectiveMoisture' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variableGroupOriginal: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_basis: '' has been replaced by 'Hetzinger 2006 calibration and general d18O to SST slope for corals used (-0.2)'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_coefficient: '' has been replaced by '-0.2'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_fraction: '' has been replaced by '0.3364'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_integrationTimeUncertainty: '' has been replaced by '~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: '' has been replaced by 'chronological'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'month'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_rank: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_seasonality: '' has been replaced by 'subannual'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_variable: '' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'Temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation4_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'T_water'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_basis: '' has been replaced by 'However, the magnitude of the multidecadal variations in coral d18O is larger than expected based on SST alone. The standard deviation of the smoothed SST index shown in Figure 1B is 0.12i¿½C (based on SST from the HadISSTv.1.1 database; Rayner et al., 2003), while the standard deviation of coral !18O is 0.06?, which would correspond to 0.3 i¿½C, assuming well-established relationships. Hence, ~50% of the amplitude is due to variations in d18Oseawater. The d18Oseawater contribution is estimated by calculating the d18Oresidual (i.e., by subtracting the SST component from measured coral d18O; for details see GSA Data Repository). Figure 1C compares the d18Oresidual with a regional precipitation index computed from weather stations in the southeastern Caribbean, which includes the study site. The d18Oresidual and precipitation are highly correlated at low frequencies, implying that multidecadal d18Oseawater variations are primarily atmosphere-driven (r = ?0.46; 1923?1998; and r = ?0.67 for detrended values).'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'Chronology was developed on the basis of the seasonal cycle in coral ?18O, and by counting the well-developed annual density bands. The coral ?18O-record extends from 1918 to 2004. The measured skeletal d18O minimum (maximum) was assigned to the month September (February) which represents the average seasonal SST maximum (minimum) at the study site. Linear interpolation was used in order to obtain monthly resolution for statistical analysis.'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_integrationTimeUncertainty: '' has been replaced by '~1?2 months in any given year, no errors given for annual chronology'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: '' has been replaced by 'chronological'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'month'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_rank: '' has been replaced by '2'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_variable: '' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'EffectiveMoisture'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation5_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'd18O_seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.3", "lastVersion": "1.0.2", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-09 20:52:14.459008 UTC", "notes": "Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and precipitation' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.2", "lastVersion": "1.0.1", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-09 17:37:30.976567 UTC", "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and precipitation' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.1", "lastVersion": "1.0.0", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-08 17:30:23.972004 UTC", "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process", "changes": { "Paleo Column metadata": [ ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'"], ["year (MATf8d8b6ebd4): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_096): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"] ] } } ], "environmentInterpretation1_direction": null, "environmentInterpretation1_seasonality": null, "environmentInterpretation1_variable": null, "testField": null, "pub": [ { "author": { "name": "Hetzinger, S." }, "citation": "Hetzinger, S., Pfeiffer, M., Dullo, W.-C., Keenlyside, N., Latif, M. and Zinke, J.: Caribbean coral tracks Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and past hurricane activity, Geology, 36(1), 11, doi:10.1130/g24321a.1, 2008.", "citeKey": "hetzinger2008caribbean", "dataUrl": "doi.org", "doi": "10.1130/G24321A.1", "issue": "1-Jan", "journal": "Geol", "pages": 11, "publisher": "Geological Society of America", "title": "Caribbean coral tracks Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and past hurricane activity", "type": "article", "volume": 36, "year": 2008 }, { "author": { "name": "Hetzinger, S." }, "institution": "World Data Center for Paleoclimatology", "title": "Ocean2kHR-AtlanticLosRoquesHetzinger2008", "type": "dataCitation", "url": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12891", "citation": null, "doi": null } ], "geo": { "longitude": -66.75, "latitude": 11.77, "elevation": -2, "geometryType": "Point", "ocean": "Atlantic", "pages2kRegion": "Ocean", "siteName": "Cayo Sal, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela" }, "@context": "context.jsonld" }