fraction: NA

rank: NA

scope: climate

fraction: NA

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

fraction: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

fraction: NA

rank: NA

scope: climate

fraction: NA

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

fraction: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

basis: The regression equations presented here are not meant as a quantitative calibration of the Monastraea faveolata paleothermometer, because we do not have monthly seawater d18O during 1993a€“ 2004, but is instead intended to demonstrate the high correlation of d18O to temperature at this site, and that it is reasonable to apply the Leder et al. [1996] calibration slope to these data. Weber and Woodhead [1972] proposed that each coral species has its own carbonate d18Oa€temperature relationship because of the influence of metabolic effects on the d18Oa€temperature relationship. Leder et al. [1996] conducted a thorough calibration study for Montastraea faveolata, utilizing thermister data from next to the coral, regular seawater d18O measurements, and skeletal staining to provide independent time control. Their equation is SST (AºC) = 5.33 a€“ 4.519 (A±0.19) (delta c - delta w)

direction: decrease/increase

interpDirection: decrease/increase

scope: climate

variable: temperature

variableDetail: sea surface

variableGroup: temperature and salinity

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: They use calibration from other studies with this coral species, Montastraea faveolata or annularis (the same coral), 0.22 per mil per degree C [Leder et al., 1996]. In Kilbourne 2010, "centenniala€scale variability appears to be driven by temperature".

direction: negative

fraction: 0.53

inferredMaterial: seawater

integrationTime: 1

integrationTimeBasis: Counting annual density bands provided an age model for these samples. The exact position of the annual banding over core breaks was reconstructed by stacking the coral slabs together into round core sections with spacers representing the material lost in cutting the cores and with a life-size copy of the X-radiograph taped to the microdrilled slab. The two pieces of core were joined by aligning the corallites of each section, and the X-radiographs on both sides of the core break were marked exactly where they met. Once the breaks were aligned, we used the X-radiographs to count density bands multiple times. We estimate an error of �1 year at the bottom of the core.

integrationTimeUncertainty: 2 months

integrationTimeUncertaintyType: chronological

integrationTimeUnits: year

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Annual

seasonalityOriginal: Annual

variable: temperature

variableGroup: Temperature

variableGroupDirection: negative

variableGroupOriginal: T_water

coefficient: NA

direction: positive

inferredMaterial: seawater

integrationTime: 1

integrationTimeBasis: Counting annual density bands provided an age model for these samples. The exact position of the annual banding over core breaks was reconstructed by stacking the coral slabs together into round core sections with spacers representing the material lost in cutting the cores and with a life-size copy of the X-radiograph taped to the microdrilled slab. The two pieces of core were joined by aligning the corallites of each section, and the X-radiographs on both sides of the core break were marked exactly where they met. Once the breaks were aligned, we used the X-radiographs to count density bands multiple times. We estimate an error of �1 year at the bottom of the core.

integrationTimeUncertainty: 2 months

integrationTimeUncertaintyType: chronological

integrationTimeUnits: year

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 2

scope: isotope

variable: seawaterIsotope

variableGroup: EffectiveMoisture

variableGroupDirection: negative

variableGroupOriginal: d18O_seawater

coefficient: NA

fraction: NA

scope: isotope

coefficient: NA

fraction: NA

rank: NA