paleo data:
  measurement table:
    google work sheet key: opporxw
    table name: paleo1measurement1
    missing value: NaN
    d18 o:
      archive genus: Porites
      chronology integration time: 3
      chronology integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
      chronology integration time units: months
      description: carbonate
      has chron: 0
      has max value: -4.344
      has mean value: -4.9453
      has median value: -4.942
      has min value: -5.515
      has paleo depth: 0
      in compilation: Ocean2k_v1.0.0 | PAGES2k_v1.12.0
      inferred material: surface seawater
      inferred material group: surface water
      inferred material group original: surface seawater
      instrument: "isotope ratio mass spectrometer with automatic carbonate preparation system"
      iso2k certification: DMT (1/14/19; updated 12/31/19), KLD
      iso2k primary timeseries: TRUE
      iso2k UI: CO01TUNG01A
      long name: AD
      measurement material: coral
      measurement material detail: aragonite
      measurement material screening: X-ray diffraction, petrographic thin-section, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses
      measurement standard: PDB
      measurement table name: measurementTable1
      median res12k: NA
      notes: ; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally seasonal; archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO); archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO)
      ocean2k ID: PacificMadangTudhope2001
      pages2k id: Ocn_097
      pages2k ID: Ocn_097
      paleo data table name: pt1_1
      proxy: d18O
      proxy lumps: isotope
      proxy lumps original: d18O
      QC certification: DMT (1/14/19; updated 12/31/19), KLD
      t sid: Ocean2kHR_140
      uncertainty analytical: 0.16 ? (2 sigma)
      units: permil
      use in global temperature analysis: TRUE
      variable name: d18O
      variable type: measured
      is primary: false
      primary age column: false
      has time tsid: LPDdcf3abca
      values: -4.827
      values: -4.786
      values: -4.693
      values: -4.852
      values: -4.991
      values: -4.904
      values: -4.855
      values: -4.862
      values: -4.856
      values: -4.947
      values: -5.005
      values: -5.298
      values: -5.196
      values: -5.106
      values: -5.375
      values: -5.169
      values: -5.083
      values: -4.996
      values: -5.027
      values: -4.846
      values: -4.646
      values: -4.589
      values: -4.972
      values: -4.917
      values: -4.795
      values: -4.759
      values: -5.301
      values: -5.12
      values: -5.086
      values: -5.103
      values: -5.244
      values: -5.186
      values: -5.059
      values: -4.971
      values: -5.356
      values: -5.206
    year:
      description: Year AD
      has max value: 1993.042
      has mean value: 1936.917
      has median value: 1936.917
      has min value: 1880.792
      iso2k primary timeseries: FALSE
      long name: AD
      measurement table name: measurementTable1
      median res12k: NA
      notes: ; archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO)
      paleo data table name: pt1_1
      t sid: LPDdcf3abca
      units: yr AD
      units original: CE
      variable name: year
      is primary: true
      primary age column: true
      has time tsid: LPDdcf3abca
      values: 1993.042
      values: 1992.792
      values: 1992.542
      values: 1992.292
      values: 1992.042
      values: 1991.792
      values: 1991.542
      values: 1991.292
      values: 1991.042
      values: 1990.792
      values: 1990.542
      values: 1990.292
      values: 1990.042
      values: 1989.792
      values: 1989.542
      values: 1989.292
      values: 1989.042
      values: 1988.792
      values: 1988.542
      values: 1988.292
      values: 1988.042
      values: 1987.792
      values: 1987.542
      values: 1987.292
      values: 1987.042
      values: 1986.792
      values: 1986.542
      values: 1986.292
      values: 1986.042
      values: 1985.792
      values: 1985.542
      values: 1985.292
      values: 1985.042
      values: 1984.792
      values: 1984.542
      values: 1984.292
      values: 1984.042
      values: 1983.792
      values: 1983.542
      values: 1983.292
      values: 1983.042
      values: 1982.792
      values: 1982.542
      values: 1982.292
      values: 1982.042
      values: 1981.792
      values: 1981.542
      values: 1981.292
      values: 1981.042
      values: 1980.792
      values: 1980.542
      values: 1980.292
      values: 1980.042
      values: 1979.792
      values: 1979.542
      values: 1979.292
      values: 1979.042
      values: 1978.792
      values: 1978.542
      values: 1978.292
      values: 1978.042
      values: 1977.792
paleo data:
  measurement table:
    google work sheet key: o5dyaf6
    table name: paleo2measurement1
    missing value: NaN
    d18 o:
      archive genus: Porites
      chronology integration time: 1 to 3 years
      chronology integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
      chronology integration time units: months
      description: carbonate
      has chron: 0
      has max value: -4.132
      has mean value: -4.8987
      has median value: -4.902
      has min value: -5.484
      has paleo depth: 0
      in compilation: Ocean2k_v1.0.0 | PAGES2k_v1.12.0
      inferred material: surface seawater
      inferred material group: surface water
      inferred material group original: surface seawater
      instrument: "isotope ratio mass spectrometer with automatic carbonate preparation system"
      iso2k certification: DMT (1/14/19; updated 12/31/19), KLD
      iso2k primary timeseries: TRUE
      iso2k UI: CO01TUNG02A
      long name: AD
      measurement material: coral
      measurement material detail: aragonite
      measurement material screening: X-ray diffraction, petrographic thin-section, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses
      measurement standard: PDB
      measurement table name: measurementTable1
      median res12k: NA
      notes: ; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally seasonal; archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO); archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO)
      ocean2k ID: PacificLiangTudhope2001
      pages2k id: Ocn_090
      pages2k ID: Ocn_090
      paleo data table name: pt2_1
      preceded by: Aus_27
      proxy: d18O
      proxy lumps: isotope
      proxy lumps original: d18O
      QC certification: DMT (1/14/19; updated 12/31/19), KLD
      t sid: Ocean2kHR_141
      uncertainty analytical: 0.16 ? (2 sigma)
      units: permil
      use in global temperature analysis: TRUE
      variable name: d18O
      variable type: measured
      is primary: false
      primary age column: false
      has time tsid: LPD5024de7f
      values: -4.875
      values: -4.981
      values: -5.166
      values: -5.06
      values: -4.942
      values: -4.919
      values: -4.994
      values: -5.058
      values: -4.915
      values: -5.007
      values: -5.03
      values: -5.162
      values: -5.132
      values: -5.168
      values: -5.269
      values: -5.403
      values: -5.138
      values: -5.185
      values: -5.242
      values: -5.384
      values: -5.129
      values: -4.879
      values: -4.8
      values: -4.985
      values: -4.922
      values: -4.941
      values: -5.046
      values: -5.19
      values: -5.21
      values: -5.191
      values: -5.087
      values: -5.195
      values: -4.902
      values: -4.969
      values: -4.771
archive type: Coral
archive type original: coral
collection name: Dur-2
created by: matlab
data contributor: KLD
dataset id: vyDhoIMb8k0yw0TdJdlJ
data set name: CO01TUNG
dataset version: 1.0.6
google metadata worksheet: o45fanh
has chron: 0
has depth: 0
has paleo depth: 0
investigators: Tudhope | Ocean2k
lipdverse link: https://lipdverse.org/data/vyDhoIMb8k0yw0TdJdlJ/1_0_7
max year: 1993.042
min year: 1880.792
n unique ages: 0
original data url: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1866
original data URL: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1866
study name: Laing Island, Papua New Guinea oxygen isotope record 1884-1993
lipd version: 1.3
pub: Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle
pub: Ocean2kHR-PacificLiangTudhope2001

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [;?0.2? d18O/i¿½C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: decrease/increase
interp direction: decrease/increase
scope: climate
seasonality: subannual
variable: temperature
variable detail: sea surface
variable group: temperature and salinity

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: negative
inferred material: seawater
integration time: 3
integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
integration time units: months
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: isotope
seasonality: subannual
variable: temperature
variable group: Temperature
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: T_water
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: positive
inferred material: seawater
integration time: 3
integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
integration time units: months
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 2
scope: isotope
variable: seawaterIsotope
variable group: EffectiveMoisture
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: d18O_seawater
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA

scope: isotope
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA
rank: NA

has max value: 0.25
has mean value: 0.25
has median value: 0.25
has min value: 0.25
units: AD

compilation name: iso2k
compilation version: 0_14_8
compilation version: 0_15_0
compilation version: 1_0_0
compilation version: 1_1_0

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

has max value: 0.25
has mean value: 0.25
has median value: 0.25
has min value: 0.25
units: AD

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [;?0.2? d18O/i¿½C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: decrease/increase
interp direction: decrease/increase
scope: climate
seasonality: subannual
variable: temperature
variable detail: sea surface
variable group: temperature and salinity

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: negative
inferred material: seawater
integration time: 1 to 3 years
integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
integration time units: months
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: isotope
seasonality: subannual
variable: temperature
variable group: Temperature
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: T_water
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA

basis: This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.
direction: positive
inferred material: seawater
integration time: 3
integration time basis: The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.
integration time units: months
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 2
scope: isotope
variable: seawaterIsotope
variable group: EffectiveMoisture
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: d18O_seawater
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA

scope: isotope
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA
rank: NA

has max value: 0.25
has mean value: 0.25
has median value: 0.25
has min value: 0.25
units: AD

compilation name: iso2k
compilation version: 0_14_8
compilation version: 0_15_0
compilation version: 1_0_0
compilation version: 1_1_0

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

has max value: 0.25
has mean value: 0.25
has median value: 0.25
has min value: 0.25
units: AD

description: Year AD
has max value: 1993.042
has mean value: 1938.792
has median value: 1938.792
has min value: 1884.542
iso2k primary timeseries: FALSE
long name: AD
measurement table name: measurementTable1
median res12k: NA
notes: ; archiveType changed - was originally Coral (CO)
paleo data table name: pt2_1
t sid: LPD5024de7f
units: yr AD
units original: CE
variable name: year
is primary: true
primary age column: true
has time tsid: LPD5024de7f
values: 1993.042
values: 1992.792
values: 1992.542
values: 1992.292
values: 1992.042
values: 1991.792
values: 1991.542
values: 1991.292
values: 1991.042
values: 1990.792
values: 1990.542
values: 1990.292
values: 1990.042
values: 1989.792
values: 1989.542
values: 1989.292
values: 1989.042
values: 1988.792
values: 1988.542
values: 1988.292
values: 1988.042
values: 1987.792
values: 1987.542
values: 1987.292
values: 1987.042
values: 1986.792
values: 1986.542
values: 1986.292
values: 1986.042
values: 1985.792
values: 1985.542
values: 1985.292
values: 1985.042
values: 1984.792
values: 1984.542
values: 1984.292
values: 1984.042
values: 1983.792
values: 1983.542
values: 1983.292
values: 1983.042
values: 1982.792
values: 1982.542
values: 1982.292
values: 1982.042
values: 1981.792
values: 1981.542
values: 1981.292
values: 1981.042
values: 1980.792
values: 1980.542
values: 1980.292
values: 1980.042
values: 1979.792
values: 1979.542
values: 1979.292
values: 1979.042
values: 1978.792
values: 1978.542
values: 1978.292
values: 1978.042
values: 1977.792

model:
  methods:
    algorithm: BAM
    parameters:
      n ens: 1000
      resize: 0
    uncertainty: low
model:
  methods:
    algorithm: BAM
    parameters:
      n ens: 1000
      resize: 0
    uncertainty: high

model:
  methods:
    algorithm: BAM
    parameters:
      n ens: 1000
      resize: 0
    uncertainty: low
model:
  methods:
    algorithm: BAM
    parameters:
      n ens: 1000
      resize: 0
    uncertainty: high

version: 1.0.7
last version: 1.0.6
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-05-20 16:18:31.472443 UTC
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA2', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA3', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA4', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.6
last version: 1.0.5
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-17 20:03:55.245742 UTC
changes:
  paleo column metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA2', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA3', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA4', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.5
last version: 1.0.4
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-11 16:10:24.607557 UTC
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_basis: 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_integrationTime: '3' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_integrationTimeBasis: 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_integrationTimeUnits: 'months' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_rank: '1' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_seasonality: 'subannual' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variable: 'temperature' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variableGroup: 'Temperature' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variableGroupOriginal: 'T_water' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_basis: 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_direction: 'positive' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_integrationTime: '3' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_integrationTimeBasis: 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_integrationTimeUnits: 'months' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_rank: '2' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variable: 'seawaterIsotope' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variableGroup: 'EffectiveMoisture' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variableGroupOriginal: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_basis: '' has been replaced by 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '3'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'months'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_rank: '' has been replaced by '1'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_seasonality: '' has been replaced by 'subannual'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_variable: '' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'Temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation4_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'T_water'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_basis: '' has been replaced by 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_direction: '' has been replaced by 'positive'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '3'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'months'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_rank: '' has been replaced by '2'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_variable: '' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'EffectiveMoisture'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation5_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'd18O_seawater'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_basis: 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_integrationTime: '1 to 3 years' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_integrationTimeBasis: 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_integrationTimeUnits: 'months' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_rank: '1' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_seasonality: 'subannual' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variable: 'temperature' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variableGroup: 'Temperature' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variableGroupOriginal: 'T_water' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_basis: 'This tracer responds to water temperature through a temperature- dependent fractionation [~ -0.2 permil d18O/degree C (19, 20)], as well as to changes in rainfall, due to the influence of isotopically light (more negative d18O) rainfall on surface ocean composition. Because SST and rainfall are intimately linked in tropical areas of strong convective rainfall such as the western equatorial Pacific, the two factors combine to produce an enhanced climatic signal in coral skeletal d18O.' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_direction: 'positive' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_integrationTime: '3' has been replaced by ''
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_integrationTimeBasis: 'The chronologies were subsequently developed on the basis of seasonality in skeletal d18O and d13C, supported by examination of annual skeletal density and fluorescent banding.' has been replaced by ''

version: 1.0.4
last version: 1.0.3
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 22:57:27.926946 UTC
notes: Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA2', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA3', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA4', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.3
last version: 1.0.2
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 22:57:23.729675 UTC
notes: Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): interpretation3_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA2', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA3', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA4', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.2
last version: 1.0.1
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 18:46:31.15538 UTC
notes: Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
changes:
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA2', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA3', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
  chron data table: Column 'CO01TUNG-chron-NA4', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.1
last version: 1.0.0
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 17:30:20.646503 UTC
notes: Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
changes:
  paleo column metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPD5024de7f): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'
  paleo column metadata: year (LPDdcf3abca): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_140): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (Ocean2kHR_141): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'

Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle
author: Tudhope, A.W.; Chilcott, C.P.; McCulloch, M.T.; Cook, E.R.; Chappell, J.; Ellam, R.M.; Lea, D.W.; Lough, J.M.; Shimmield, G.B.
citation: Tudhope, A. W.: Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, Science, 291(5508), 1511–1517, doi:10.1126/science.1057969, 2001.
cite key: tudhope2001variability
data url: doi.org
doi: 10.1126/science.1057969
issue: 5508
journal: Science
pages: -6
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
type: article
volume: 291
year: 2001

Ocean2kHR-PacificLiangTudhope2001
author: Tierney, Jessica E. , Abram, Nerilie J. , Anchukaitis, Kevin J. , Evans, Michael N. , Giry, Cyril , Kilbourne, K. Halimeda , Saenger, Casey P. , Wu, Henry C. , Zinke, Jens
citation: Tierney, J. E., Abram, N. J., Anchukaitis, K. J., Evans, M. N., Giry, C., Kilbourne, K. H., Saenger, C. P., Wu, H. C. and Zinke, J.: Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives, Paleoceanography, 30(3), 226–252, doi:10.1002/2014pa002717, 2015.
cite key: tierney2015tropical
doi: 10.1002/2014PA002717
institution: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
type: dataCitation
url: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1866
year: 2015

longitude: 145.817
latitude: -5.217
elevation: -3
geometry type: Point
ocean: Pacific
pages2k region: Ocean
site name: Deplik Tabat Reef, Madang Lagoon