paleo data:
  measurement table:
    table name: paleo1measurement1
    missing value: NaN
    year:
      description: calendar year in AD
      has max value: 2000
      has mean value: 1889
      has median value: 1889
      has min value: 1778
      iso2k primary timeseries: FALSE
      long name: AD
      measurement table name: measurementTable1
      median res12k: NA
      t sid: WEB9175515d
      units: yr AD
      units original: CE
      variable name: year
      variable type: inferred
      is primary: true
      primary age column: true
      has time tsid: WEB9175515d
      values: 1778
      values: 1779
      values: 1780
      values: 1781
      values: 1782
      values: 1783
      values: 1784
      values: 1785
      values: 1786
      values: 1787
      values: 1788
      values: 1789
      values: 1790
      values: 1791
      values: 1792
      values: 1793
      values: 1794
      values: 1795
      values: 1796
      values: 1797
      values: 1798
      values: 1799
      values: 1800
      values: 1801
      values: 1802
      values: 1803
      values: 1804
      values: 1805
      values: 1806
      values: 1807
      values: 1808
      values: 1809
      values: 1810
      values: 1811
      values: 1812
      values: 1813
      values: 1814
      values: 1815
      values: 1816
      values: 1817
      values: 1818
      values: 1819
      values: 1820
      values: 1821
      values: 1822
      values: 1823
      values: 1824
      values: 1825
      values: 1826
      values: 1827
      values: 1828
      values: 1829
      values: 1830
      values: 1831
      values: 1832
      values: 1833
      values: 1834
      values: 1835
      values: 1836
      values: 1837
      values: 1838
      values: 1839
      values: 1840
    d18 o:
      chronology integration time: 1
      description: cellulose
      has chron: 0
      has max value: 28.94
      has mean value: 25.1783
      has median value: 25.4
      has min value: 21.38
      has paleo depth: 0
      inferred material: soil water
      inferred material group: soil water
      inferred material group original: soil water
      iso2k certification: OCh-S, ZK, SM
      iso2k hackathon notes: Please check inferred material, should this be soil or leaf water? Check isotopeInterpretation1_name - can this be changed to one of the standardized nameds?
      iso2k primary timeseries: TRUE
      iso2k UI: TR11SAHU00
      long name: AD
      measurement material: tree-ring cellulose
      measurement material detail: tree-ring cellulose of Abies spectabilis
      measurement table name: measurementTable1
      median res12k: NA
      method: by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (ThermoQuest Delta Plus) interfaced with a pyrolysis-type elemental analyzer (ThermoQuest TC/EA).
      QC certification: OCh-S, ZK, SM
      q cnotes: OCh-S:WEB3638db18 please replace to TR11SAHU00; OCh-S: Leaf water is correct
      t sid: WEB3638db18
      units: permil
      variable name: d18O
      variable type: measured
      is primary: false
      primary age column: false
      has time tsid: WEB9175515d
      values: 22.41
      values: 26
      values: 22.56
      values: 23.86
      values: 26.07
      values: 27.74
      values: 28.15
      values: 23.3
      values: 23.07
      values: 26.5
      values: 22.9
      values: 23.95
      values: 24.94
      values: 23.6
      values: 25.13
      values: 21.93
      values: 21.38
      values: 24.02
      values: 23.13
      values: 23.1
      values: 21.84
      values: 23.75
      values: 26.38
      values: 26.09
      values: 25.57
      values: 22.93
      values: 24.46
      values: 24.71
      values: 24.65
      values: 22.88
      values: 24.16
      values: 23.68
      values: 28.77
      values: 25.43
      values: 25.07
      values: 25.53
      values: 22.83
      values: 21.71
      values: 25.88
      values: 22.28
      values: 26.61
      values: 21.49
      values: 21.74
      values: 23.14
      values: 24.48
      values: 27.41
      values: 26.2
      values: 23.01
      values: 22.79
      values: 25.36
chron data:
  model:
    methods:
      algorithm: BAM
      parameters:
        n ens: 1000
        resize: 0
archive type: Wood
archive type original: wood
collection name: Humla2012d18O
created by: matlab
dataset id: obfZgz305YfAOStRWgxO
data set name: TR11SAHU00
dataset version: 1.0.6
has chron: 0
has depth: 0
has paleo depth: 0
investigators: Masaki Sano, R Ramesh, MS Sheshshayee, R Sukumar
lipdverse link: https://lipdverse.org/data/obfZgz305YfAOStRWgxO/1_0_7
max year: 2000
min year: 1778
n unique ages: 0
original data url: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22547
lipd version: 1.3
changelog:
  version: 1.0.7
  last version: 1.0.6
  curator: nicholas
  timestamp: 2025-05-20 16:19:15.49624 UTC
  changes:
    paleo interpretation metadata: year (WEB9175515d): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
    chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset
changelog:
  version: 1.0.6
  last version: 1.0.5
  curator: nicholas
  timestamp: 2025-04-17 20:05:08.143893 UTC
pub: Increasing aridity over the past 223 years in the Nepal Himalaya inferred from a tree-ring δ18O chronology

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

rank: NA
scope: climate

has max value: 1
has mean value: 1
has median value: 1
has min value: 1
units: AD

basis: Instrumental calibration. A negative correlation between I´18O of precipitation and the amount of precipitation is observed in tropical regions including the Himalaya, which is termed as the a€˜amount effecta€™ (AraguA¡s-AraguA¡s et al., 1998; Dansgaard, 1964; Yadava and Ramesh, 2005).
direction: negative
fraction: 0.36
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: climate
seasonality: Jun-Sep
variable: precipitation
variable detail: Seasonal
variable group: P_amount, RH, T_air, P_E

basis: Our interpretation of the temperature signal in the δ18O chronology is that higher temperatures stimulate evaporation of soil water, resulting in a preferential loss of lighter isotopes in soil water, which in turn is taken up by trees.
direction: positive
fraction: 0.1225
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: climate
seasonality: Jun-Sep
variable: temperature
variable detail: surface temperature
variable group: Temperature
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: T
variable original: temperature

basis: More specifically, lower atmospheric humidity causes higher vapor pressure gradient between leaf interstitial space and the atmosphere, resulting in a preferential loss of lighter isotopes and consequent enrichment in δ18O of leaf water.
direction: negative
fraction: 0.3844
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: climate
seasonality: Jun-Sep
variable: effectivePrecipitation
variable detail: surface relative humidity
variable group: relative humdity

basis: Since all the responses of tree-ring δ18O to the climatic factors (precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature) are related to dry–wet conditions, the PDSI is considered to be the most useful single variable to explain the variance of our δ18O chronology.
direction: negative
fraction: 0.5329
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: climate
seasonality: Jun-Sep
variable: effectivePrecipitation
variable detail: soil moisture stress
variable group: PDSI

basis: d18O of the leaf water takes part in synthesis of photosynthates.
direction: negative
inferred material: leaf water
integration time: 1 year
mathematical relation: linear
rank: 1
scope: isotope
seasonality: Jun-Sep
seasonality original: June-September
variable: effectivePrecipitation
variable detail: d18O of the leaf water
variable group: EffectiveMoisture
variable group direction: negative
variable group original: P_E
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA

scope: isotope
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA
rank: NA

scope: isotope
coefficient: NA
fraction: NA
rank: NA

has max value: 1
has mean value: 1
has median value: 1
has min value: 1
units: AD

compilation name: iso2k
compilation version: 0_14_8
compilation version: 0_15_0
compilation version: 1_0_0
compilation version: 1_1_0

paleo column metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
paleo column metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
paleo column metadata: year (WEB9175515d): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
paleo column metadata: year (WEB9175515d): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.5
last version: 1.0.4
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-11 16:27:37.495465 UTC
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation7_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (WEB9175515d): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: year (WEB9175515d): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.4
last version: 1.0.3
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-09 21:55:30.913127 UTC
notes: Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation1_seasonality: 'June,July, August, September' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation1_variable: 'P_amount, RH, T_air, P_E' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation2_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation2_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation3_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation3_variable: 'relative humdity' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation4_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation4_variable: 'PDSI' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation5_seasonality: 'JJAS' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation5_variable: 'P_E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.3
last version: 1.0.2
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-09 20:29:29.251693 UTC
notes: Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation1_seasonality: 'June,July, August, September' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation1_variable: 'P_amount, RH, T_air, P_E' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation2_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation2_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation3_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation3_variable: 'relative humdity' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation4_seasonality: 'summer (June to September)' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation4_variable: 'PDSI' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation5_seasonality: 'JJAS' has been replaced by 'Jun-Sep'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): interpretation5_variable: 'P_E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
  chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.2
last version: 1.0.1
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 20:40:07.126499 UTC
notes: Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
changes:
  chron data table: Column 'TR11SAHU00-chron-NA1', with variable name 'yearEnsemble', was added to the dataset

version: 1.0.1
last version: 1.0.0
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-04-08 17:34:55.36817 UTC
notes: Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
changes:
  paleo column metadata: d18O (WEB3638db18): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
  paleo column metadata: year (WEB9175515d): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'
  paleo column metadata: year (WEB9175515d): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'

Increasing aridity over the past 223 years in the Nepal Himalaya inferred from a tree-ring δ18O chronology
author: Sano M.
citation: Sano, M., Ramesh, R., Sheshshayee, M. and Sukumar, R.: Increasing aridity over the past 223 years in the Nepal Himalaya inferred from a tree-ring δ18O chronology, The Holocene, 22(7), 809–817, doi:10.1177/0959683611430338, 2011.
doi: 10.1177/0959683611430338
issue: 7
journal: The Holocene
pages: 809-817
publisher: SAGE Publications
type: article-journal
volume: 22
year: 2011

longitude: 81.93
latitude: 29.85
elevation: 3848
geometry type: Point
country: Nepal
location: Central Himalaya, western Nepal
site name: Humla, Nepal