Refers to the unique identifier for the sample (as given in sample table)
NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized
Description of the mineralogy of the sample
Indication of whether the isotope measurements have been corrected in aragonite samples
NA; paleoData_method has been standardized
"Furthermore, changes in the ESP03 δ18O data, although small, are compatible with warmer and more evaporative conditions during aragonite deposition...δ18O of rainwater increases with temperature in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, and most relevantly at the inland stations of Leon and Braganca, each of which is about 130 km from Cova da Arcoia. Their Table 3 also shows that δ18O of rainwater decreases with increasing rainfall in the region and thus shows a typical “amount effect”." (Railsback et al., 2011)
"Aragonite is more abundant in the earlier parts of the stalagmite and calcite is more abundant in the later part." (Railsback et al., 2011)
Laboratory precision on the d18O measurement
NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized; paleoData_method has been standardized
"Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)
Laboratory precision on the d13C measurement
Original published calibrated age of the sample in years BP
NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized
The laboratory number of the dated sample
Minimum weight of the dated sample in mg
Maximum weight of the dated sample in mg
Indication of whether the date is used in the original age model (opposite of rejected)
238U 2-sigma uncertainty of dated sample in ppb
232Th content of the dated sample in ppt
232Th 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample in ppt
230Th/232Th activity ratio of the dated sample
230Th/232Th activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
230Th/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
230Th/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
Description of the half-life used for 230Th and 234U for U/Th samples
Corrected age of the dated sample in years
Positive uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
Negative uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variable: '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variable: 'effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
originalDataUrl: 'http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.256' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.256'
pub1_author: '' has been replaced by 'L. Bruce Railsback and Fuyuan Liang and Juan Ram{\'{o}}n Vidal Roman{\'{\i}} and Aurora Grandal-d{\textquotesingle}Anglade and Marcos Vaqueiro Rodr{\'{\i}}guez and Luisa Santos Fidalgo and Daniel Fern{\'{a}}ndez Mosquera and Hai Cheng and R. Lawrence Edwards'
pub1_journal: '' has been replaced by 'Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology'
pub1_pages: '' has been replaced by '172--184'
pub1_title: '' has been replaced by 'Petrographic and isotopic evidence for Holocene long-term climate change and shorter-term environmental shifts from a stalagmite from the Serra do Courel of northwestern Spain, and implications for climatic history across Europe and the Mediterranean'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_notes: '((( "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of ��13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of ��13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of ��13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of ��13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and ��13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of ��13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of ��13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011) ))) "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011) /// "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)' has been replaced by '"Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_notes: '"Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)' has been replaced by '((( "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of ��13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of ��13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of ��13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of ��13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and ��13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of ��13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of ��13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011) ))) "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011) /// "Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)'
Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
geo_elevation: '' has been replaced by '1240'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized; paleoData_method has been standardized'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized; paleoData_method has been standardized'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized; paleoData_method has been standardized'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LR50R8pzOObC): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
depth (S2LRnteR6K2JR6): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (S2LRnteR6K2JR6): paleoData_units: 'depth_sample' has been replaced by 'mm'
depth (S2LRnteR6K2JR6): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_method has been standardized'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): paleoData_variableName: 'hasAragoniteCorrection' has been replaced by 'correction'
correction (S2LRPK65HatXRt): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'aragonite correction'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized; paleoData_method has been standardized'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
sampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): paleoData_variableName: 'sisalSampleID' has been replaced by 'sampleID'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
geo_elevation: '1240' has been replaced by ''
d13CPrecision (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CStandard (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18OPrecision (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasAragoniteCorrection (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18OStandard (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
sisalSampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CPrecision (S2LR2IM9Eo2EJZ): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d13CStandard (S2LR2rXzUnvy7N): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d18OPrecision (S2LR50R8pzOObC): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
hasAragoniteCorrection (S2LRPK65HatXRt): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d18OStandard (S2LRrvGcKGKUa5): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
hasHiatus (S2LRSO5zb7KJ3p): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
sisalSampleID (S2LRttgTD3ecLi): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
mineralogy (S2LRZsh8y6x7dF): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_proxyLumpsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_units: 'yr BP' has been replaced by 'BP'
age (S2LRr6PNPd4HGF): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_proxyLumpsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'd18O'
age_type (S2LcRWNaiJrAmv5): chronData_variableName: 'ageType' has been replaced by 'age_type'
age_type (S2LcRWNaiJrAmv5): chronData_variableNameOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'ageType'
geo_gcmdLocation: '' has been replaced by 'Europe>Southern Europe>Spain'
archiveType: 'speleothem' has been replaced by 'Speleothem'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_seasonality: '' has been replaced by '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,635'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variable: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by '@surface'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"Greater abundance of aragonite, greater values of δ13C, and lesser frequency of Type E surfaces early in the stalagmite suggest a drier and perhaps warmer early to middle Holocene, whereas greater abundance of calcite and frequent Type E surfaces higher in the stalagmite suggest wetter conditions later in the Holocene....The large range of δ13C values in Stalagmite ESP03 and the presence of the greatest values of δ13C beneath Type L surfaces suggests episodes in which climate became sufficiently dry that vegetative input of 12C- enriched CO2 was minimized (giving comparatively large values of δ13C) and little water dripped onto the stalagmite (resulting in layers of diminished lateral extent) (Fig. 8C). Several other lines of evidence support this interpretation...the inverse relationship between fluorescence and δ13C further supports the inference that the greatest values of δ13C in Stalagmite ESP03 represent dry periods in which vegetative input of soil CO2 diminished...precipitation of aragonite with large values of δ13C suggests that the change from exceptionally wet conditions to exceptionally dry conditions was ecologically abrupt" (Railsback et al., 2011)'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'mixed calcite/aragonite'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
d13C (S2LRP1bVgbttoT): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by '"Aragonite is more abundant in the earlier parts of the stalagmite and calcite is more abundant in the later part." (Railsback et al., 2011)'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"Furthermore, changes in the ESP03 δ18O data, although small, are compatible with warmer and more evaporative conditions during aragonite deposition...δ18O of rainwater increases with temperature in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, and most relevantly at the inland stations of Leon and Braganca, each of which is about 130 km from Cova da Arcoia. Their Table 3 also shows that δ18O of rainwater decreases with increasing rainfall in the region and thus shows a typical “amount effect”." (Railsback et al., 2011)'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd18O'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'mixed calcite/aragonite'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
d18O (S2LRywXyK822Qq): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by '"Aragonite is more abundant in the earlier parts of the stalagmite and calcite is more abundant in the later part." (Railsback et al., 2011)'
L. Bruce Railsback and Fuyuan Liang and Juan Ram{\'{o}}n Vidal Roman{\'{\i}} and Aurora Grandal-d{\textquotesingle}Anglade and Marcos Vaqueiro Rodr{\'{\i}}guez and Luisa Santos Fidalgo and Daniel Fern{\'{a}}ndez Mosquera and Hai Cheng and R. Lawrence Edwards
Railsback, L. B., Liang, F., Vidal Roman<ed>, J. R., Grandal-d<92>Anglade, A., Vaqueiro Rodr<ed>guez, M., Santos Fidalgo, L., Fern<e1>ndez Mosquera, D., Cheng, H. and Edwards, R. L.: Petrographic and isotopic evidence for Holocene long-term climate change and shorter-term environmental shifts from a stalagmite from the Serra do Courel of northwestern Spain, and implications for climatic history across Europe and the Mediterranean, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 305(1<96>4), 172<96>184, 2011.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Petrographic and isotopic evidence for Holocene long-term climate change and shorter-term environmental shifts from a stalagmite from the Serra do Courel of northwestern Spain, and implications for climatic history across Europe and the Mediterranean