NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized
NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized
NA; paleoData_inferredMaterial has been standardized
NA; paleoData_summaryStatistic has been standardized
Temp12k-1_0_2, HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0
mean temperature; paleoData_method has been standardized
; this timeseries was composited programmatically, with the assumption that all values are measured at equivalent levels
Variable name changed from age14C to age during update from DKs csv files.
This dataset is from version 2 of the Arctic Holocene Transitions Database, and has been expanded to include an ensemble of chronologies, which are included in this file. This is described in McKay et al., 2018: doi:10.1029/2018GL079773
originalDataUrl: 'www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15444' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.25921/pak9-az20'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Summer'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'amount@surface'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'amount@surface'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'amount@surface'
Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
geo_elevation: '' has been replaced by '78'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: '((( ((( null ))) ratio /// unitless ))) ratio /// ratio' has been replaced by 'ratio'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: 'ratio' has been replaced by '((( ((( null ))) ratio /// unitless ))) ratio /// ratio'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'null'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'null'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'null'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: '((( null ))) ratio /// unitless' has been replaced by 'ratio'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_summaryStatistic has been standardized'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_units: 'GDD' has been replaced by 'degC'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_variableName: 'GDD5' has been replaced by 'growing degree days'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_summaryStatistic: '' has been replaced by '5'
age (PYTGONMO5U7): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (PYTGONMO5U7): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (PYTGONMO5U7): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (PYTGONMO5U7): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertainty (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_inferredMaterial has been standardized'
uncertainty (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_variableName: 'Summer Precipitation Error' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_variableName: 'Summer precipitation' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
depth (PYTUOT8LV04): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (PYTUOT8LV04): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
temperature (RCP5UgOcOkR): paleoData_notes: 'mean temperature' has been replaced by 'mean temperature; paleoData_method has been standardized'
temperature (RCP5UgOcOkR): paleoData_variableName: 'temperatureComposite' has been replaced by 'temperature'
temperature (RCP5UgOcOkR): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'composite'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_units: 'mm/a' has been replaced by 'mm/yr'
uncertainty (WEB617151d5): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_inferredMaterial has been standardized'
uncertainty (WEB617151d5): paleoData_variableName: 'Annual Precipitation Error' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (WEB617151d5): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
uncertainty (WEB6ccc7770): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_inferredMaterial has been standardized'
uncertainty (WEB6ccc7770): paleoData_variableName: 'Winter Precipitation error' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (WEB6ccc7770): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
growing degree days (PYT7QTLPRRU): interpretation1_variable: 'GDD' has been replaced by 'growingDegreeDays'
temperature (PYTE08I3BN3): interpretation1_seasonality: 'warmest month' has been replaced by 'Warmest Month'
temperature (PYTE08I3BN3): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
temperature (PYTHEC2VIP4): interpretation1_seasonality: 'coldest month' has been replaced by 'Coldest Month'
temperature (PYTHEC2VIP4): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonality: '4,5,6,7,8,9' has been replaced by 'Apr-Sep'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variable: 'P' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
temperature (RCP5UgOcOkR): interpretation1_seasonality: 'warmest month; coldest month' has been replaced by 'Annual'
temperature (RCP5UgOcOkR): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variable: 'P' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_seasonality: '10,11,12,1,2,3' has been replaced by 'Oct-Mar'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variable: 'P' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
pub1_volume: '26' has been replaced by ''
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: 'unitless' has been replaced by '((( null ))) ratio /// unitless'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12'
geo_elevation: '78' has been replaced by ''
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Annual Precipitation Error (WEB617151d5): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Winter Precipitation error (WEB6ccc7770): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
sampleID (PYTLZ4AEUT4): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: 'ratio' has been replaced by 'unitless'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'ratio'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
temperature (PYTE08I3BN3): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'Temp12k-1_0_2, HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
temperature (PYTHEC2VIP4): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'Temp12k-1_0_2, HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
temperatureComposite (RCP5UgOcOkR): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'Temp12k-1_0_2, HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_variableGroup: 'M' has been replaced by 'P-E'
sampleID (PYTLZ4AEUT4): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCCertification: 'SHA' has been replaced by 'SHA, AAC'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'air@surface'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
Annual Precipitation Error (WEB617151d5): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
Winter Precipitation error (WEB6ccc7770): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precipitation@surface' has been replaced by 'precip@surface'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'defer to calibrated'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_units: 'mm/a' has been replaced by 'mm/season'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_variableName: 'Annual Precipitation' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_units: 'mm/a' has been replaced by 'mm/season'
precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_variableName: 'Winter Precipitation' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'amount@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by 'abs'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_units: 'mm' has been replaced by 'mm/a'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by 'abs'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_units: 'mm' has been replaced by 'mm/a'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by 'abs'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_units: 'mm' has been replaced by 'mm/a'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: 'Winter Data Available and calibrated Annual (Arctic Holocene)' has been replaced by ''
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_QCnotes: 'Winter Data Available and calibrated Annual (Arctic Holocene)' has been replaced by ''
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'assemblage'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'assemblage'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonality: '((( Summer ))) summer /// 4,5,6,7,8,9' has been replaced by '4,5,6,7,8,9'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: 'summer' has been replaced by 'summer+'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'amount@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_seasonality: 'Annual' has been replaced by '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
Annual Precipitation Error (WEB617151d5): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Winter Precipitation error (WEB6ccc7770): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_direction: '@surface' has been replaced by 'positive'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'winter+'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'amount@surface' has been replaced by 'precipitation@surface'
Annual Precipitation (WEB09437cc2): calibration_method: '' has been replaced by 'DA'
Winter Precipitation (WEBf55e2a4d): calibration_method: '' has been replaced by 'DA'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_proxyDetail: 'assemblage DA' has been replaced by 'ratio'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: 'Added proxyGeneral' has been replaced by 'Winter Data Available and calibrated Annual (Arctic Holocene)'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_proxyDetail: 'assemblage DA' has been replaced by 'assemblage'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_QCnotes: 'Added proxyGeneral' has been replaced by 'Winter Data Available and calibrated Annual (Arctic Holocene)'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'positive'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,307'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'M' has been replaced by 'P-E'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by '@surface'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'positive'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonality: '4,5,6,7,8,9' has been replaced by '((( Summer ))) summer /// 4,5,6,7,8,9'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'summer'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): calibration_method: '' has been replaced by 'AET/PET'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): calibration_method: '' has been replaced by 'DA'
Column 'WEB09437cc2', with variable name 'Annual Precipitation', was added to the dataset
Column 'WEB617151d5', with variable name 'Annual Precipitation Error', was added to the dataset
Column 'WEB6ccc7770', with variable name 'Winter Precipitation error', was added to the dataset
Column 'WEBf55e2a4d', with variable name 'Winter Precipitation', was added to the dataset
pub2_abstract: '' has been replaced by ' Abstract. We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58° N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present – BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 ± 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional metadata for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, "climate interpretation" is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy–climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, "geochronology accuracy score" (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of 14C-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported 14C ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60%), marine sediment (32%), glacier ice (5%), and other sources. Most (61%) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15%) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology. '
pub2_author: '' has been replaced by 'list(list(name = "Sundqvist, H. S."), list(name = "Kaufman, D. S."), list(name = "McKay, N. P."), list(name = "Balascio, N. L."), list(name = "Briner, J. P."), list(name = "Cwynar, L. C."), list(name = "Sejrup, H. P."), list(name = "Seppä, H."), list(name = "Subetto, D. A."), list(name = "Andrews, J. T."), list(name = "Axford, Y."), list(name = "Bakke, J."), list(name = "Birks, H. J. B."), list(name = "Brooks, S. J."), list(name = "de Vernal, A."), list(name = "Jennings, A. E."), list(name = "Ljungqvist, F. C."), list(name = "Rühland, K. M."), list(name = "Saenger, C."), list(name = "Smol, J. P."), list(name = "Viau, A. E."))'
pub2_journal: '' has been replaced by 'Climate of the Past'
pub2_pages: '' has been replaced by '1605-1631'
pub2_publisher: '' has been replaced by 'Copernicus GmbH'
pub2_title: '' has been replaced by 'Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables'
pub2_type: '' has been replaced by 'article-journal'
pub2_volume: '' has been replaced by '10'
pub2_year: '' has been replaced by '2014'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_units: '' has been replaced by 'unitless'
sampleID (PYTLZ4AEUT4): paleoData_units: '' has been replaced by 'unitless'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_units: '1s' has been replaced by 'mm'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_variableName: 'error' has been replaced by 'Summer Precipitation Error'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): paleoData_description: '' has been replaced by 'One standard deviation'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_QCCertification: 'SHA' has been replaced by 'SHA, CH'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_variableName: 'precipitation' has been replaced by 'Summer precipitation'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_interpDirection: '1' has been replaced by 'positive'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_seasonality: 'Summer' has been replaced by '4,5,6,7,8,9'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variable: 'M' has been replaced by 'P'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'precip@surface' has been replaced by 'amount@surface'
Summer precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): interpretation1_variableGroup: 'M' has been replaced by 'P'
Summer Precipitation Error (PYTP0NRWRTW): The paleoData_values have changed
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'assemblage DA'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'SHA'
AET/PET (PYT69UB9SYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'Added proxyGeneral'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'assemblage DA'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'SHA'
GDD5 (PYT7QTLPRRU): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'Added proxyGeneral'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'assemblage DA'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'SHA'
precipitation (PYTU06V9X6E): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'Added proxyGeneral'
This marks the creation of the changelog, and marks the status of this dataset as of Temp12k version 1.0.1
Allen, Judy R.M.; Long, Antony J.; Ottley, Chris J.; Graham Pearson, D.; Huntley, Brian
Holocene climate variability in northernmost Europe
Arctic Holocene proxy climate database – new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
Abstract. We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58° N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present – BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 ± 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional metadata for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, "climate interpretation" is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy–climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, "geochronology accuracy score" (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of 14C-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported 14C ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60%), marine sediment (32%), glacier ice (5%), and other sources. Most (61%) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15%) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
Europe>Northern Europe>Scandinavia>Norway