Refers to the unique identifier for the sample (as given in sample table)
Description of the mineralogy of the sample
Indication of whether the isotope measurements have been corrected in aragonite samples
"The relationship between δ18O and temperature was found to be positive. This can be interpreted either as rain-out with distance from the west-northwest ocean source of evaporation or shifts in air mass source with changing North Atlantic Oscillation indices...higher values for δ18Oc thus indicate higher temperatures. About 80 % of the annual calcite precipitation at Grotta di Ernesto occurs during winter months when surface temper- ature is lower than the cave temperature and cave air pCO2 is lower than during summer (Miorandi et al., 2010). Dur- ing long and severe winters, the effect of rapid degassing on speleothem δ13C values should, thus, be particularly pro- nounced, whereas it should be attenuated during milder win- ters. On the seasonal to annual time scale, we, thus, interpret more positive δ13C values as being indicative of cold and long winters and more negative δ13C values as reflecting rel- atively mild and short winters" (Onac et al., 2002)
Laboratory precision on the d18O measurement
"Although the relationship is not so clear-cut, we interpret changing δ13C to indicate changing water–rock interaction and thus rainfall intensity: lower δ13Cc values indicate higher rainfall...The trend towards increasing depletion with time suggests that the drip waters may be isotopically less influenced by exchange with, or dissolution of, the isotopically heavy carbon in the bedrock (ca. 0‰), possibly related to shorter residence time in the rock above the cave over time or an increasingly more open dissolution system...The faster cave drip rate would reduce the residence time for water in the epikarst zone and thus reduce water – rock interaction, explaining the lighter δ13C values. If this explanation is correct, then we can interpret the carbon isotopes of PU-2 to relate to rainfall intensity, the wet episodes indicated by the lighter δ13C values." (Onac et al., 2002)
Laboratory precision on the d13C measurement
Original published calibrated age of the sample in years BP
Calendar age in years BP, method = linInterp
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = linInterp
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = linInterp
Calendar age in years BP, method = linReg
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = linReg
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = linReg
Calendar age in years BP, method = Bchron
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
Calendar age in years BP, method = Bacon
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bacon
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bacon
Calendar age in years BP, method = StalAge
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = StalAge
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = StalAge
The laboratory number of the dated sample
Minimum weight of the dated sample in mg
Maximum weight of the dated sample in mg
Uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Positive uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Negative uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Indication of whether the date is used in the original age model (opposite of rejected)
230Th/232Th activity ratio of the dated sample
230Th/232Th activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
Description of the half-life used for 230Th and 234U for U/Th samples
Corrected age of the dated sample in years
Positive uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
Negative uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
PU-2 (entity_id = 184): The upper three dating points (dating_id = 2723, 2724 and 2725) and the respective interp_age do not reproduce the figure from the paper. The author has been asked for help but this question has not been answered in a satisfying way. The sample was collected in 1977. In the original paper, the model was linear but the data the author provided was obtained with a linear between dates model. It is not actively growing when collected.
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): interpretation1_variable: '((( null ))) T /// temperature' has been replaced by 'temperature'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_variable: '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR1QDipXDOBY): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR5mcS3yUQEF): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR9YjEHckq4M): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
sampleID (S2LRCBSP1DE4E5): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
sampleID (S2LRCBSP1DE4E5): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LREWglhapi0D): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LRZSu4DJkHXo): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
age (S2LRaElPt9cYCd): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
hasHiatus (S2LRcgrTqTSkDX): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
hasHiatus (S2LRcgrTqTSkDX): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (S2LRicKCaZzOGt): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (S2LRicKCaZzOGt): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
mineralogy (S2LRlzzkh7SE9f): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
mineralogy (S2LRlzzkh7SE9f): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
correction (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
correction (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature' has been replaced by '((( null ))) T /// temperature'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_variable: 'effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
archiveType: 'speleothem' has been replaced by 'Speleothem'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
age (S2LR1QDipXDOBY): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchron' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LR1QDipXDOBY): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR1QDipXDOBY): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LR1QDipXDOBY): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
age (S2LR5mcS3yUQEF): paleoData_variableName: 'ageStalAge' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LR5mcS3yUQEF): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR5mcS3yUQEF): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LR5mcS3yUQEF): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'StalAge'
age (S2LR9YjEHckq4M): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBacon' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LR9YjEHckq4M): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LR9YjEHckq4M): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LR9YjEHckq4M): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bacon'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRBvFJXWIdH4): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
sampleID (S2LRCBSP1DE4E5): paleoData_variableName: 'sisalSampleID' has been replaced by 'sampleID'
sampleID (S2LRCBSP1DE4E5): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
age (S2LREWglhapi0D): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinInterp' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LREWglhapi0D): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LREWglhapi0D): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LREWglhapi0D): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linInterp'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinRegUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRMAJaJrij3q): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linReg'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LRNv72vveaa0): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinRegUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRVmRwL4JMxf): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linReg'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinInterpUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRYdYEyRUFax): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linInterp'
age (S2LRZSu4DJkHXo): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LRaElPt9cYCd): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinReg' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LRaElPt9cYCd): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LRaElPt9cYCd): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LRaElPt9cYCd): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linReg'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBaconUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRcJkzfaa6nO): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bacon'
hasHiatus (S2LRcgrTqTSkDX): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_variableName: 'ageStalAgeUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRdTG3S4kiI5): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'StalAge'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_variableName: 'agelinInterpUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRgVDCZYSKhh): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'linInterp'
depth (S2LRicKCaZzOGt): paleoData_units: 'depth_sample' has been replaced by 'mm'
depth (S2LRicKCaZzOGt): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
mineralogy (S2LRlzzkh7SE9f): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBaconUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRooGQy41ltr): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bacon'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_variableName: 'ageStalAgeUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRwvdA0a3dlK): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'StalAge'
correction (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): paleoData_variableName: 'hasAragoniteCorrection' has been replaced by 'correction'
correction (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
correction (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'aragonite correction'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LRzRe6yUvHNc): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
d18OPrecision (S2LR0LvPeEjOUQ): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
sisalSampleID (S2LRCBSP1DE4E5): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasHiatus (S2LRcgrTqTSkDX): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CStandard (S2LRCr9EpUJUKX): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CPrecision (S2LRLYxNU4llw0): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
mineralogy (S2LRlzzkh7SE9f): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_variable: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'infiltration'
d18OStandard (S2LRNv72vveaa0): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): interpretation1_variable: '' has been replaced by 'T'
hasAragoniteCorrection (S2LRzG5D2yjf6Q): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"Although the relationship is not so clear-cut, we interpret changing δ13C to indicate changing water–rock interaction and thus rainfall intensity: lower δ13Cc values indicate higher rainfall...The trend towards increasing depletion with time suggests that the drip waters may be isotopically less influenced by exchange with, or dissolution of, the isotopically heavy carbon in the bedrock (ca. 0‰), possibly related to shorter residence time in the rock above the cave over time or an increasingly more open dissolution system...The faster cave drip rate would reduce the residence time for water in the epikarst zone and thus reduce water – rock interaction, explaining the lighter δ13C values. If this explanation is correct, then we can interpret the carbon isotopes of PU-2 to relate to rainfall intensity, the wet episodes indicated by the lighter δ13C values." (Onac et al., 2002)'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'calcite'
d13C (S2LRn7F8BXj47v): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"The relationship between δ18O and temperature was found to be positive. This can be interpreted either as rain-out with distance from the west-northwest ocean source of evaporation or shifts in air mass source with changing North Atlantic Oscillation indices...higher values for δ18Oc thus indicate higher temperatures. About 80 % of the annual calcite precipitation at Grotta di Ernesto occurs during winter months when surface temper- ature is lower than the cave temperature and cave air pCO2 is lower than during summer (Miorandi et al., 2010). Dur- ing long and severe winters, the effect of rapid degassing on speleothem δ13C values should, thus, be particularly pro- nounced, whereas it should be attenuated during milder win- ters. On the seasonal to annual time scale, we, thus, interpret more positive δ13C values as being indicative of cold and long winters and more negative δ13C values as reflecting rel- atively mild and short winters" (Onac et al., 2002)'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd18O'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'calcite'
d18O (S2LRYGJY1g7oat): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
Onac, B. P., Constantin, S., Lundberg, J. and Lauritzen, S.-E.: Isotopic climate record in a Holocene stalagmite from Ursilor Cave (Romania), J. Quat. Sci., 17(4), 319<96>327, 2002.