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  "originalDataUrl": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1844",
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  "proxySystemModel_observationModel": "Comboul et al. 2034",
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          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation2_basis: 'There is a good visual match between the smoothed coral record and the similarly smoothed Madang rainfall record for the period from the late 1950s onwards (Fig. 3B). Periods of low rainfall coincide with deposition of isotopically heavy skeleton.... Periods of high amplitude of annual cycle tend to coincide in both records, and these periods tend to occur during the El Nifio phase of the Southern Oscillation. These results suggest that, although relatively small in absolute terms, the observed variations in the amplitude of the coral dI80 annual cycle (about 0.l-0.2 permil) may be attributed mainly to variations in rainfall.' has been replaced by ''"],
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          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_basis: 'inter-annual temperature variations are related to the SO activity, and, although relatively small, these will tend to magnify the SO signal in \nthe coral d18O.' has been replaced by ''"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"],
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          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_integrationTimeBasis: 'In our corals we used a combination of distinctive skeletal fluorescent banding (visible under illumination with longwave UV light; Fig. 2) to provide an initial chronology. The accuracy of this chronology was subsequently verified on a year-byyear basis by consideration of the annual cycle in skeletal d18O' has been replaced by ''"],
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          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation4_basis: '' has been replaced by 'There is a good visual match between the smoothed coral record and the similarly smoothed Madang rainfall record for the period from the late 1950s onwards (Fig. 3B). Periods of low rainfall coincide with deposition of isotopically heavy skeleton.... Periods of high amplitude of annual cycle tend to coincide in both records, and these periods tend to occur during the El Nifio phase of the Southern Oscillation. These results suggest that, although relatively small in absolute terms, the observed variations in the amplitude of the coral dI80 annual cycle (about 0.l-0.2 permil) may be attributed mainly to variations in rainfall.'"],
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          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation4_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation4_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'd18O_seawater'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_basis: '' has been replaced by 'inter-annual temperature variations are related to the SO activity, and, although relatively small, these will tend to magnify the SO signal in \nthe coral d18O.'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '3'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'In our corals we used a combination of distinctive skeletal fluorescent banding (visible under illumination with longwave UV light; Fig. 2) to provide an initial chronology. The accuracy of this chronology was subsequently verified on a year-byyear basis by consideration of the annual cycle in skeletal d18O'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'months'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_rank: '' has been replaced by '2'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_variable: '' has been replaced by 'temperature'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'Temperature'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation5_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'T_water'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "version": "1.0.3",
      "lastVersion": "1.0.2",
      "curator": "nicholas",
      "timestamp": "2025-04-09 20:50:15.510924 UTC",
      "notes": "Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.",
      "changes": {
        "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation2_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "version": "1.0.2",
      "lastVersion": "1.0.1",
      "curator": "nicholas",
      "timestamp": "2025-04-09 17:39:02.015497 UTC",
      "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process",
      "changes": {
        "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_seasonality: 'not applicable (subannually resolved)' has been replaced by 'subannual'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation2_variable: 'd18O_seawater' has been replaced by 'seawaterIsotope'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): interpretation3_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"]
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "version": "1.0.1",
      "lastVersion": "1.0.0",
      "curator": "nicholas",
      "timestamp": "2025-04-08 17:32:35.246337 UTC",
      "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process",
      "changes": {
        "Paleo Column metadata": [
          ["year (MAT3848a32da7): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'"],
          ["year (MAT3848a32da7): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"],
          ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_172): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"]
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "environmentInterpretation1_direction": null,
  "environmentInterpretation1_seasonality": null,
  "environmentInterpretation1_variable": null,
  "testField": null,
  "pub": [
    {
      "author": {
        "name": "Tudhope, A.W.; Shimmield, G.B.; Chilcott, C.P.; Jebb, M.; Fallick, A.E.; Dalgleish, A.N."
      },
      "citation": "Tudhope, A. W., Shimmield, G. B., Chilcott, C. P., Jebb, M., Fallick, A. E. and Dalgleish, A. N.: Recent changes in climate in the far western equatorial Pacific and their relationship to the Southern Oscillation; oxygen isotope records from massive corals, Papua New Guinea, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 136(3-4), 575–590, doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00156-7, 1995.",
      "citeKey": "tudhope1995recent",
      "dataUrl": "doi.org",
      "doi": "10.1016/0012-821X(95)00156-7",
      "issue": "4-Mar",
      "journal": "Earth and Planetary Science Letters",
      "pages": -15,
      "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
      "title": "Recent changes in climate in the far western equatorial Pacific and their relationship to the Southern Oscillation; oxygen isotope records from massive corals, Papua New Guinea",
      "type": "article",
      "volume": 136,
      "year": 1995
    },
    {
      "author": {
        "name": "Tudhope, A.W."
      },
      "institution": "World Data Center for Paleoclimatology",
      "title": "Ocean2kHR-PacificPNGTudhope1995",
      "type": "dataCitation",
      "url": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1844",
      "citation": null,
      "doi": null
    }
  ],
  "geo": {
    "longitude": 145.82,
    "latitude": -5.22,
    "elevation": -3,
    "geometryType": "Point",
    "ocean": "Pacific",
    "pages2kRegion": "Ocean",
    "siteName": "Madang, Papua New Guinea"
  },
  "@context": "context.jsonld"
}