Refers to the unique identifier for the sample (as given in sample table)
Description of the mineralogy of the sample
Indication of whether the isotope measurements have been corrected in aragonite samples
"The δ18O record encoded in CR1 therefore likely reflects one or more of the following: (i) changes in the δ18O of the North Atlantic ocean surface; (ii) changes in air temperature in the source area and in the target area (northern Sicily); and (iii) long-term shifts of the trajectories of low and high pressure systems." (Frisia et al., 2006)
Laboratory precision on the d18O measurement
"High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall....By contrast, low δ13C values reflect periods of relatively dry winters, when the infiltrating waters had time to equilibrate with soil CO2 evolved from C3 vegetation, and degassing was less intense." (Frisia et al., 2006)
Record covers ~3500 with hiatuses over ~7500 years of the holocene
Laboratory precision on the d13C measurement
Original published calibrated age of the sample in years BP
Calendar age in years BP, method = Bchron
Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
The laboratory number of the dated sample
Minimum weight of the dated sample in mg
Maximum weight of the dated sample in mg
Uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Positive uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Negative uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
Indication of whether the date is used in the original age model (opposite of rejected)
238U 2-sigma uncertainty of dated sample in ppb
230Th content of the dated sample in ppt
230Th 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample in ppt
230Th/232Th activity ratio of the dated sample
230Th/232Th activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
230Th/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
230Th/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
234U/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
Initial 230Th/232Th activity ratio for the detrital correction
Initial 230Th/232Th activity ratio uncertainty for the detrital correction
Description of the half-life used for 230Th and 234U for U/Th samples
Corrected age of the dated sample in years
Positive uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
Negative uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '((( null ))) 11,12,1,2,3 /// Nov-Mar' has been replaced by 'Nov-Mar'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: 'Nov-Mar' has been replaced by '((( null ))) 11,12,1,2,3 /// Nov-Mar'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation'
Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
archiveType: 'speleothem' has been replaced by 'Speleothem'
sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_variableName: 'sisalSampleID' has been replaced by 'sampleID'
sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchron' has been replaced by 'age'
age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
age (S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_units: 'depth_sample' has been replaced by 'mm'
depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_variableName: 'hasAragoniteCorrection' has been replaced by 'correction'
correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'aragonite correction'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '11,12,1,2,3' has been replaced by 'Nov-Mar'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
sisalSampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18OStandard (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CStandard (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18OPrecision (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13CPrecision (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
hasAragoniteCorrection (S2LRygFfCug8Du): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '' has been replaced by '11,12,1,2,3'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Winter'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'infiltration'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"The δ18O record encoded in CR1 therefore likely reflects one or more of the following: (i) changes in the δ18O of the North Atlantic ocean surface; (ii) changes in air temperature in the source area and in the target area (northern Sicily); and (iii) long-term shifts of the trajectories of low and high pressure systems." (Frisia et al., 2006)'
d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall....By contrast, low δ13C values reflect periods of relatively dry winters, when the infiltrating waters had time to equilibrate with soil CO2 evolved from C3 vegetation, and degassing was less intense." (Frisia et al., 2006)'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'calcite'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'Record covers ~3500 with hiatuses over ~7500 years of the holocene'
Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Mangini, A., Sp<f6>tl, C., Madonia, G. and Sauro, U.: Holocene Climate Variability in Sicily from a Discontinuous Stalagmite Record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic Transition, Quat. Res., 66(3), 388<96>400, 2006.
Madonia, G., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Macaluso, T., Mangini, A., Paladini, M., Piccini, L., Miorandi, R., Sp<f6>tl, C., Sauro, U., Agnesi, V., Di Pietro, R., Palmeri, A. and Vattano, M.: La Grotta di Carburangeli--ricostruzione climatica dell<92>Olocene per la piana costiera della Sicilia nord-occidentale, Stud. Trent Sci Nat Acta Geol, 80, 153<96>167, 2005.