paleo data:
  measurement table:
    table name: paleo1measurement1
    sample ID:
      description: Refers to the unique identifier for the sample (as given in sample table)
      has publication: 1
      is primary: false
      long name: sisalSampleID
      mean value12k: 205257.6526
      median res12k: 2.05
      primary age column: false
      SISAL entity ID: 277
      t sid: S2LR1b0GbWQd98
      units: unitless
      variable name: sampleID
      variable type: sampleMetadata
      has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
      values: 204641
      values: 204642
      values: 204643
      values: 204644
      values: 204645
      values: 204646
      values: 204647
      values: 204648
      values: 204649
      values: 204650
      values: 204651
      values: 204652
      values: 204653
      values: 204654
      values: 204655
      values: 204656
      values: 204657
      values: 204658
      values: 204659
      values: 204660
      values: 204661
      values: 204662
      values: 204663
      values: 204664
      values: 204665
      values: 204666
      values: 204667
      values: 204668
      values: 204669
      values: 204670
      values: 204671
      values: 204672
      values: 204673
      values: 204674
      values: 204675
      values: 204676
      values: 204677
      values: 204678
      values: 204679
      values: 204680
      values: 204681
      values: 204682
      values: 204683
      values: 204684
      values: 204685
      values: 204686
      values: 204687
      values: 204688
      values: 204689
      values: 204690
      values: 204691
      values: 204692
      values: 204693
      values: 204694
      values: 204695
      values: 204696
      values: 204697
      values: 204698
      values: 204699
      values: 204700
      values: 204701
      values: 204702
      values: 204703
      values: 204704
      values: 204705
      values: 204706
      values: 204707
    thickness:
      description: Thickness of the sample analysed (mm)
      has publication: 1
      is primary: false
      long name: sisalSampleID
      mean value12k: 0.2
      median res12k: 2.05
      primary age column: false
      proxy observation type: thickness
      SISAL entity ID: 277
      t sid: S2LRTuqQdA5GYP
      units: mm
      variable name: thickness
      variable type: measured
      has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
      values: 0.2
      values: NaN
      interpretation:
        scope: climate
      calibration:
        seasonality: NA
      in compilation beta:
        compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
        compilation version: 2_0_0
        compilation version: 2_0_1
        compilation version: 2_0_3
    depth:
      description: Distance in mm from a reference point
      has publication: 1
      is primary: false
      long name: sisalSampleID
      mean value12k: NA
      median res12k: NA
      primary age column: false
      proxy observation type: depth
      SISAL entity ID: 277
      t sid: S2LRU2QtJfnfyx
      units: mm
      variable name: depth
      variable type: measured
      has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
      values: 0.7
      values: 0.9
      values: 1.1
      values: 1.3
      values: 1.5
      values: 1.7
      values: 1.9
      values: 2.1
      values: 2.3
      values: 2.5
      values: 2.7
      values: 2.9
      values: 3.1
      values: 3.3
      values: 3.5
      values: 3.7
      values: 3.9
      values: 4.1
      values: 4.3
      values: 4.5
      values: 4.7
      values: 4.9
      values: 5.1
      values: 5.3
      values: 5.5
      values: 5.7
      values: 5.9
      values: 6.1
      values: 6.3
      values: 6.5
      values: 6.7
      values: 6.9
      values: 7.1
      values: 7.3
      values: 7.4
      values: 7.6
      values: 7.8
      values: 8
      values: 8.2
      values: 8.4
      values: 8.6
      values: 8.8
      values: 9
      values: 9.2
      values: 9.4
      values: 9.6
      values: 9.8
      values: 10
      values: 10.2
      values: 10.4
      values: 10.6
      values: 10.8
      values: 11
      values: 11.2
      values: 11.4
      values: 11.6
      values: 11.8
      values: 12
      values: 12.2
      values: 12.4
      values: 12.6
      values: 12.8
      values: 13
      values: 13.2
      values: 13.4
      values: 13.6
    mineralogy:
      description: Description of the mineralogy of the sample
      has publication: 1
      is primary: false
      long name: sisalSampleID
      mean value12k: NA
      median res12k: 2.05
      primary age column: false
      proxy observation type: mineralogy
      SISAL entity ID: 277
      t sid: S2LRijcV9gzhKf
      units: unitless
      variable name: mineralogy
      variable type: measured
      has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
      values: calcite
      values: NaN
ages per kyr: NA
archive type: Speleothem
created by: sisal2lipd
dataset id: XES3Wu4h9BCBnljSxSb3
data set name: GrottadiCarburangeli.Frisia.2006
dataset version: 1.0.4
lipdverse link: https://lipdverse.org/data/XES3Wu4h9BCBnljSxSb3/1_0_4
max year: 8373.72
min year: 947.73
original data url: http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.256
lipd version: 1.3

scope: climate

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0
compilation version: 2_0_1
compilation version: 2_0_3

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0

scope: climate

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0
compilation version: 2_0_1
compilation version: 2_0_3
compilation version: 2_1_0
compilation version: 2_1_1

direction: negative
scope: climate
seasonality: Nov-Mar
seasonality general: Winter
variable: effectivePrecipitation
variable detail: infiltration

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0
compilation version: 2_0_1
compilation version: 2_0_3
compilation version: 2_1_0
compilation version: 2_1_1

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0

scope: climate

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0

scope: climate

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0

scope: climate

seasonality: NA

compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
compilation version: 2_0_0
compilation version: 2_0_1
compilation version: 2_0_3
compilation version: 2_1_0
compilation version: 2_1_1

description: Indication of whether the isotope measurements have been corrected in aragonite samples
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
median res12k: 2.05
method: aragonite correction
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRygFfCug8Du
units: unitless
variable name: correction
variable type: sampleMetadata
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: not applicable
values: NaN
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Original d18O measurement
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: -5.7096
median res12k: 2.05
meets holocene hydroclimate criteria: close
notes: "The δ18O record encoded in CR1 therefore likely reflects one or more of the following: (i) changes in the δ18O of the North Atlantic ocean surface; (ii) changes in air temperature in the source area and in the target area (northern Sicily); and (iii) long-term shifts of the trajectories of low and high pressure systems." (Frisia et al., 2006)
primary age column: false
primary timeseries: TRUE
proxy observation type: d18O
QC certification: CH
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj
units: permil
variable name: d18O
variable type: measured
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: -5.06
values: -5.07
values: -5.13
values: -5.16
values: -5.2
values: -5.21
values: -5.23
values: -5.25
values: -5.31
values: -5.43
values: -5.51
values: -5.49
values: -5.48
values: -5.47
values: -5.52
values: -5.53
values: -5.59
values: -5.66
values: -5.68
values: -5.67
values: -5.6
values: -5.56
values: -5.46
values: -5.22
values: -5.1
values: -5.08
values: -4.97
values: -4.96
values: -4.99
values: -5.03
values: -5.01
values: -4.91
values: -4.84
values: -4.77
values: -4.71
values: -4.65
values: -4.59
values: -4.51
values: -4.44
values: -4.41
values: -4.47
values: -4.56
values: -4.62
values: -4.66
values: -4.68
values: -4.73
values: -4.76
values: -4.85
values: -4.95
values: -5.61
values: -5.77
values: -5.89
values: -6
values: -6.08
values: -6.1
values: -6.15
values: -6.19
values: -6.27
values: -6.31
values: -6.29
values: -6.22
values: -6.07

description: Laboratory precision on the d18O measurement
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: 0.1
measurement material: d18O carbonate
median res12k: 2.05
method: precision
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRS7uPl4veyB
units: permil
variable name: uncertainty
variable type: measured
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 0.1
values: NaN
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Description of isotopic standard used
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
measurement material: d18O carbonate
median res12k: 2.05
method: standard
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN
units: unitless
variable name: uncertainty
variable type: sampleMetadata
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: Vienna-PDB
values: NaN
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Original d13C measurement
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: -6.2793
median res12k: 2.05
meets holocene hydroclimate criteria: close
notes: "High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall....By contrast, low δ13C values reflect periods of relatively dry winters, when the infiltrating waters had time to equilibrate with soil CO2 evolved from C3 vegetation, and degassing was less intense." (Frisia et al., 2006)
primary age column: false
primary timeseries: TRUE
proxy: d13C
proxy detail: calcite
proxy general: isotope
proxy observation type: d13C
QC certification: CH
q cnotes: Record covers ~3500 with hiatuses over ~7500 years of the holocene
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRYLJY313wYQ
units: permil
variable name: d13C
variable type: measured
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: -7.9
values: -7.93
values: -7.88
values: -7.87
values: -7.91
values: -7.95
values: -8.14
values: -8.16
values: -8.15
values: -8.08
values: -8.13
values: -8.19
values: -8.23
values: -8.33
values: -8.39
values: -8.42
values: -8.41
values: -8.34
values: -8.4
values: -8.38
values: -8.36
values: -8.47
values: -8.27
values: -8.24
values: -8.28
values: -8.32
values: -8.18
values: -8.02
values: -7.86
values: -8.03
values: -8.17
values: -8.22
values: -8.46
values: -8.56
values: -8.62
values: -8.7
values: -8.73
values: -8.72
values: -8.64
values: -8.61
values: -8.6
values: -8.65
values: -8.71
values: -8.81
values: -8.87
values: -8.93
values: -8.91
values: -8.96
values: -8.95
values: -8.99
values: -8.98
values: -9.05
values: -9.12
values: -9.17
values: -9.08
values: -8.86
values: -8.5
values: -8.11

description: Laboratory precision on the d13C measurement
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: 0.1
measurement material: d13C
median res12k: 2.05
method: precision
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe
units: permil
variable name: uncertainty
variable type: measured
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 0.1
values: NaN
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Description of isotopic standard used
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
measurement material: d13C
median res12k: 2.05
method: standard
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRkGgC4DTgZl
units: unitless
variable name: uncertainty
variable type: sampleMetadata
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: Vienna-PDB
values: NaN
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Original published calibrated age of the sample in years BP
has publication: 1
inferred variable type: age
is primary: true
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
median res12k: NA
primary age column: true
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
units: yr BP
variable name: age
variable type: inferred
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 947.73
values: 948.51
values: 949.29
values: 950.07
values: 950.84
values: 951.62
values: 952.4
values: 953.17
values: 953.95
values: 954.73
values: 955.51
values: 956.28
values: 957.06
values: 957.84
values: 958.61
values: 959.39
values: 960.17
values: 960.94
values: 961.72
values: 962.5
values: 963.28
values: 964.05
values: 964.83
values: 965.61
values: 966.38
values: 967.16
values: 967.94
values: 968.72
values: 969.49
values: 970.27
values: 971.05
values: 971.82
values: 972.6
values: 973.38
values: 974.16
values: 974.93
values: 975.71
values: 976.49
values: 977.26
values: 978.04
values: 978.82
values: 979.6
values: 980.37
values: 981.15
values: 981.93
values: 982.7
values: 983.48
values: 984.26
values: 985.04
values: 985.81
values: 986.59
values: 987.37
values: 988.14
values: 988.92
values: 989.7
values: 990.48
values: 991.25
values: 992.03
values: 992.81
values: 993.58
values: 994.36
values: 995.14
values: 995.92
values: 996.69
values: 997.47
values: 998.25

description: Indication of an hiatus
has publication: 1
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
median res12k: 2.05
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRTX8nPp4sFa
units: unitless
variable name: hasHiatus
variable type: sampleMetadata
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: NaN
values: H
interpretation:
  scope: climate
calibration:
  seasonality: NA
in compilation beta:
  compilation name: SISAL-LiPD
  compilation version: 2_0_0
  compilation version: 2_0_1
  compilation version: 2_0_3

description: Calendar age in years BP, method = Bchron
has publication: 1
inferred variable type: age
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: NA
median res12k: NA
method: Bchron
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRP9W2eQTriw
units: yr BP
variable name: age
variable type: inferred
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 889
values: 890
values: 890.5
values: 891
values: 891.5
values: 892
values: 893
values: 893.5
values: 894.5
values: 895
values: 896
values: 896.5
values: 897
values: 898
values: 899
values: 900
values: 900.5
values: 901
values: 902
values: 903
values: 904
values: 905
values: 905.5
values: 906
values: 907
values: 908
values: 908.5
values: 909.5
values: 910
values: 910.5
values: 911
values: 911.5
values: 913
values: 914
values: 915
values: 916
values: 916.5
values: 917
values: 917.5
values: 918
values: 919
values: 919.5
values: 920
values: 921
values: 922
values: 923
values: 924
values: 924.5
values: 925
values: 926
values: 927
values: 927.5
values: 928.5
values: 929
values: 929.5
values: 930.5
values: 931
values: 932
values: 933
values: 934
values: 935
values: 936.5
values: 937
values: 938
values: 939

description: Positive age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
has publication: 1
inferred material: age
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: 232.8204
median res12k: 2.05
method: Bchron
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LR4AbFgEtwnF
units: yr BP
variable name: uncertaintyHigh
variable type: inferred
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 182
values: 181
values: 180.5
values: 180.05
values: 180
values: 179.5
values: 178.55
values: 178.05
values: 178
values: 178.5
values: 179
values: 177.05
values: 177
values: 176.5
values: 176.05
values: 175.1
values: 175.05
values: 174.05
values: 173.55
values: 174
values: 173
values: 173.05
values: 173.5
values: 172.55
values: 172
values: 172.05
values: 171.05
values: 171
values: 170
values: 169.55
values: 169.05
values: 169.5
values: 168.05
values: 168.5
values: 168
values: 167
values: 166.05
values: 165.05
values: 165
values: 164.5
values: 164
values: 163.05
values: 163
values: 162.5
values: 161.5
values: 161
values: 160.5
values: 160.05
values: 159.05
values: 160
values: 157.6
values: 158.05
values: 157.1
values: 156.1
values: 157.05
values: 156.05
values: 156
values: 155.5
values: 157
values: 155
values: 154.55
values: 154
values: 153
values: 152.5
values: 152

description: Negative age uncertaintyin years BP, method = Bchron
has publication: 1
inferred material: age
is primary: false
long name: sisalSampleID
mean value12k: 273.5146
median res12k: 2.05
method: Bchron
primary age column: false
SISAL entity ID: 277
t sid: S2LRKiIiNgDME7
units: yr BP
variable name: uncertaintyLow
variable type: inferred
has time tsid: S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i
values: 579
values: 577.55
values: 576.1
values: 575.6
values: 574.15
values: 572.2
values: 571.25
values: 570.7
values: 569.7
values: 570.1
values: 568.15
values: 566.15
values: 564.65
values: 564.1
values: 561.05
values: 557.2
values: 557.05
values: 556.05
values: 553.2
values: 548.9
values: 543.65
values: 539.8
values: 535
values: 531.05
values: 527.1
values: 521.7
values: 520.1
values: 519.95
values: 517.75
values: 517.5
values: 515.8
values: 514.6
values: 509.6
values: 495.7
values: 494.45
values: 493.7
values: 492.05
values: 487.6
values: 483.4
values: 477.7
values: 473
values: 468.05
values: 464
values: 464.2
values: 464.4
values: 463.65
values: 461.15
values: 451.25
values: 450.55
values: 449.1
values: 445.2
values: 445.05
values: 444.1
values: 443.15
values: 441.55
values: 436.05
values: 432
values: 426.1
values: 420.65
values: 418.55
values: 417.05
values: 417.55
values: 413.1
values: 407.25
values: 405.15

measurement table:
  table name: chron1measurement1
  SISAL entity ID: 277
  has publication: 1
  sisal dating id:
    t sid: S2LcRWqkqJGxpS6
    variable name: sisalDatingId
    units: unitless
    description: Unique identifier for each date
    variable type: sampleMetadata
    number: 1
    values: 6108
    values: 6109
    values: 6110
    values: 6111
    values: 6112
    values: 6113
    values: 6114
    values: 6115
    values: 6116
    values: 6117
    values: 6118
    values: 6119
    values: 6120
    values: 6121
    values: 6122
    values: 6123
  depth:
    t sid: S2LcRdDozZ9eXGu
    variable name: depth
    units: depth_sample
    description: Distance in mm from a reference point
    variable type: measured
    proxy observation type: depth
    number: 2
    values: 30
    values: 64
    values: 90
    values: 120
    values: 260
    values: 360
    values: 440
    values: 465
    values: 530
    values: 675
    values: 725
    values: 810
    values: 910
    values: 980
    values: 116
    values: 480
  thickness:
    t sid: S2LcRjNGod8vuDz
    variable name: thickness
    units: mm
    description: Thickness of the sample analysed (mm)
    variable type: measured
    proxy observation type: thickness
    number: 3
    values: 1
    values: NaN
  lab ID:
    t sid: S2LcRH3qFGLb97W
    variable name: labID
    units: unitless
    description: The laboratory number of the dated sample
    variable type: sampleMetadata
    number: 4
    values: 3416
    values: 3418
    values: 3268
    values: 3318
    values: 3222
    values: 3223
    values: 3224
    values: 3270
    values: 2746
    values: 3225
    values: 3226
    values: 3227
    values: 3228
    values: 2747
    values: NaN
  material dated:
    t sid: S2LcRsrocMv4AGQ
    variable name: materialDated
    units: unitless
    description: Mineralogy of the dated sample
    variable type: sampleMetadata
    number: 5
    values: calcite
    values: NaN
  weight min:
    t sid: S2LcRrfyPMiRHEz
    variable name: weightMin
    description: Minimum weight of the dated sample in mg
    variable type: measured
    number: 6
    values: 200
    values: NaN
  weight max:
    t sid: S2LcRi7crwQZcLU
    variable name: weightMax
    description: Maximum weight of the dated sample in mg
    variable type: measured
    number: 7
    values: 200
    values: NaN
  age uncorr:
    t sid: S2LcRzNDQ1CH1XL
    variable name: ageUncorr
    units: yr BP
    description: Uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
    variable type: inferred
    number: 8
    values: 1223.4
    values: 1285.5
    values: 799.6
    values: 4393.9
    values: 4431.6
    values: 4160
    values: 3430.4
    values: 3547.3
    values: 6588
    values: 7085.9
    values: 6611.1
    values: 7800.5
    values: 8549.6
    values: 10089.4
    values: NaN
  age uncorr uncertainty hi:
    t sid: S2LcRuDntDH7wtx
    variable name: ageUncorrUncertaintyHi
    units: yr BP
    description: Positive uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
    variable type: inferred
    number: 9
    values: 210
    values: 190
    values: 260
    values: 650
    values: 700
    values: 395
    values: 310
    values: 295
    values: 750
    values: 290
    values: 165
    values: 220
    values: 345
    values: 275
    values: NaN
  age uncorr uncertainty low:
    t sid: S2LcRs3Q0B0oL0h
    variable name: ageUncorrUncertaintyLow
    units: yr BP
    description: Negative uncertainty of the uncorrected age of the dated sample in years
    variable type: inferred
    number: 10
    values: 210
    values: 190
    values: 260
    values: 650
    values: 700
    values: 395
    values: 310
    values: 295
    values: 750
    values: 290
    values: 165
    values: 220
    values: 345
    values: 275
    values: NaN
  retained:
    t sid: S2LcRfSeZ30UFiW
    variable name: retained
    units: unitless
    description: Indication of whether the date is used in the original age model (opposite of rejected)
    variable type: sampleMetadata
    number: 11
    values: yes
    values: no
    values: unknown
  U238:
    t sid: S2LcRqv7HqR8fsh
    variable name: U238
    units: ppb
    description: 238U content of the dated sample in ppb
    variable type: measured
    proxy observation type: U238
    number: 12
    values: 70.8
    values: 71.1
    values: 74.61
    values: 69.73
    values: 49.79
    values: 49.83
    values: 129.15
    values: 74.5
    values: 74.81
    values: 39.15
    values: 47.1
    values: 44.72
    values: 41.37
    values: 56
    values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRz61Q3Vwxhs
variable name: U238Uncertainty
units: ppb
description: 238U 2-sigma uncertainty of dated sample in ppb
variable type: measured
number: 13
values: 0.14
values: 0.15
values: 0.1
values: 0.26
values: 0.23
values: 0.08
values: 0.09
values: 0.11
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRxUNZKg2wsU
variable name: Th230
units: ppt
description: 230Th content of the dated sample in ppt
variable type: measured
proxy observation type: Th230
number: 14
values: 0.0141
values: 0.015
values: 0.0097
values: 0.0493
values: 0.0355
values: 0.0331
values: 0.0715
values: 0.0426
values: 0.0758
values: 0.044
values: 0.0497
values: 0.0553
values: 0.0555
values: 0.0894
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRdPKm2n6z3J
variable name: Th230Uncertainty
units: ppt
description: 230Th 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample in ppt
variable type: measured
number: 15
values: 0.0018
values: 0.0029
values: 0.0046
values: 0.0012
values: 0.0016
values: 0.0047
values: 0.0033
values: 0.0011
values: 0.0023
values: 0.0019
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRk8QEIfunu9
variable name: Th230/Th232
units: unitless
description: 230Th/232Th activity ratio of the dated sample
variable type: measured
proxy observation type: Th230/Th232
number: 16
values: 8.982
values: 28.8533
values: 6.7146
values: 2.5931
values: 2.2967
values: 4.058
values: 4.1154
values: 23.0174
values: 19.5635
values: 28.4165
values: 33.8417
values: 24.7818
values: 70.6662
values: 35.3397
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcR9DPToNv2Hn
variable name: Th230/Th232Uncertainty
units: unitless
description: 230Th/232Th activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
variable type: measured
number: 17
values: 1.1776
values: 3.7851
values: 2.018
values: 0.2428
values: 0.0798
values: 0.1454
values: 0.0974
values: 2.5915
values: 0.852
values: 1.1834
values: 0.7658
values: 0.5678
values: 3.1933
values: 0.7478
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRZRepQhuKkv
variable name: Th230/U238
units: unitless
description: 230Th/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
variable type: measured
proxy observation type: Th230/U238
number: 18
values: 0.0121
values: 0.0129
values: 0.008
values: 0.0432
values: 0.0435
values: 0.0406
values: 0.0338
values: 0.0349
values: 0.0619
values: 0.0687
values: 0.0644
values: 0.0756
values: 0.082
values: 0.0976
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRC5q7wLk4zh
variable name: Th230/U238Uncertainty
units: unitless
description: 230Th/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
variable type: measured
number: 19
values: 0.0016
values: 0.0024
values: 0.004
values: 0.0015
values: 0.0014
values: 0.0008
values: 0.0038
values: 0.0027
values: 0.0028
values: 0.0017
values: 0.0034
values: 0.0021
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRmwQFnKNyeD
variable name: U234/U238
units: unitless
description: 234U/238U activity ratio of the dated sample
variable type: measured
proxy observation type: U234/U238
number: 20
values: 1.0903
values: 1.1037
values: 1.09
values: 1.0955
values: 1.0958
values: 1.0862
values: 1.0937
values: 1.0917
values: 1.0573
values: 1.0931
values: 1.0961
values: 1.0878
values: 1.1041
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcR2gNXOVtpOP
variable name: U234/U238Uncertainty
units: unitless
description: 234U/238U activity ratio 2-sigma uncertainty of the dated sample
variable type: measured
number: 21
values: 0.0896
values: 0.0991
values: 0.065
values: 0.0795
values: 0.0583
values: 0.0674
values: 0.0399
values: 0.1361
values: 0.2373
values: 0.0715
values: 0.0441
values: 0.0473
values: 0.0726
values: 0.0492
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcR9AvkdIeezz
variable name: Th230/Th232Initial
units: unitless
description: Initial 230Th/232Th activity ratio for the detrital correction
variable type: inferred
number: 22
values: 0.8
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcR9MuF0RYeiG
variable name: Th230/Th232InitialUncertainty
units: unitless
description: Initial 230Th/232Th activity ratio uncertainty for the detrital correction
variable type: inferred
number: 23
values: 0.2
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRKDZqhAehWI
variable name: decayConstant
units: unitless
description: Description of the half-life used for 230Th and 234U for U/Th samples
variable type: sampleMetadata
number: 24
values: Cheng et al. 2000
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcR6aQhGdP4Um
variable name: age
units: yr BP
description: Corrected age of the dated sample in years
variable type: inferred
inferred variable type: age
number: 25
values: 1061.5
values: 1196.9
values: 651.2
values: 2997.8
values: 2848.1
values: 3295.6
values: 2715.9
values: 3372.4
values: 6272.1
values: 6838.7
values: 6405.7
values: 7503.2
values: 8403.1
values: 9817.2
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRFQVQJuiJ2X
variable name: ageUncertaintyHigh
units: yr BP
description: Positive uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
variable type: inferred
number: 26
values: 178.2
values: 160.2
values: 239.1
values: 728
values: 628.8
values: 398.3
values: 293.5
values: 416.05
values: 754.9
values: 352
values: 199.65
values: 257.2
values: 390.65
values: 292.9
values: NaN

t sid: S2LcRp4walIGVDJ
variable name: ageUncertaintyLow
units: yr BP
description: Negative uncertainty of corrected age of the dated sample in years
variable type: inferred
number: 27
values: 178.2
values: 160.2
values: 239.1
values: 728
values: 628.8
values: 398.3
values: 293.5
values: 416.05
values: 754.9
values: 352
values: 199.65
values: 257.2
values: 390.65
values: 292.9
values: NaN

variable name: ageType
t sid: S2LcRQqVadUNAdu
units: unitless
description: broad class of age control
variable type: sampleMetadata
number: 28
values: U/Th

version: 1.0.4
last version: 1.0.3
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-06-25 22:46:10.480952 UTC
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '((( null ))) 11,12,1,2,3 /// Nov-Mar' has been replaced by 'Nov-Mar'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'

version: 1.0.3
last version: 1.0.2
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-06-25 21:21:51.003094 UTC
changes:
  paleo column metadata: sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_meetsHoloceneHydroclimateCriteria: '' has been replaced by 'close'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_primaryTimeseries: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
  paleo column metadata: mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo interpretation metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: 'Nov-Mar' has been replaced by '((( null ))) 11,12,1,2,3 /// Nov-Mar'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by '((( null ))) P-E /// effectivePrecipitation'

version: 1.0.2
last version: 1.0.1
curator: nicholas
timestamp: 2025-06-25 18:40:20.325751 UTC
notes: Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
changes:
  base metadata: archiveType: 'speleothem' has been replaced by 'Speleothem'
  paleo column metadata: sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_variableName: 'sisalSampleID' has been replaced by 'sampleID'
  paleo column metadata: sampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyHigh' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyHigh (S2LR4AbFgEtwnF): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchronUncertaintyLow' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'age'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertaintyLow (S2LRKiIiNgDME7): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_variableName: 'ageBchron' has been replaced by 'age'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRP9W2eQTriw): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'Bchron'
  paleo column metadata: age (S2LRRO8Bxc1f3i): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_variableName: 'd18OPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd18O carbonate'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
  paleo column metadata: hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_units: 'depth_sample' has been replaced by 'mm'
  paleo column metadata: depth (S2LRU2QtJfnfyx): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CStandard' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'standard'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_variableName: 'd13CPrecision' has been replaced by 'uncertainty'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
  paleo column metadata: uncertainty (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'precision'
  paleo column metadata: correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_variableName: 'hasAragoniteCorrection' has been replaced by 'correction'
  paleo column metadata: correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'sisalSampleID'
  paleo column metadata: correction (S2LRygFfCug8Du): paleoData_method: '' has been replaced by 'aragonite correction'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '11,12,1,2,3' has been replaced by 'Nov-Mar'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'

version: 1.0.1
last version: 1.0.0
curator: nick
timestamp: 2021-01-12 02:28:56 UTC
changes:
  paleo interpretation metadata: sisalSampleID (S2LR1b0GbWQd98): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18OStandard (S2LRAJ4Fue8HDN): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: mineralogy (S2LRijcV9gzhKf): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13CStandard (S2LRkGgC4DTgZl): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d18OPrecision (S2LRS7uPl4veyB): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: thickness (S2LRTuqQdA5GYP): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: hasHiatus (S2LRTX8nPp4sFa): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13CPrecision (S2LRu01Hvhc6Fe): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: hasAragoniteCorrection (S2LRygFfCug8Du): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonality: '' has been replaced by '11,12,1,2,3'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Winter'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variable: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
  paleo interpretation metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): interpretation1_variableDetail: '' has been replaced by 'infiltration'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"The δ18O record encoded in CR1 therefore likely reflects one or more of the following: (i) changes in the δ18O of the North Atlantic ocean surface; (ii) changes in air temperature in the source area and in the target area (northern Sicily); and (iii) long-term shifts of the trajectories of low and high pressure systems." (Frisia et al., 2006)'
  paleo column metadata: d18O (S2LRNM0aBLE0Yj): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '"High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall....By contrast, low δ13C values reflect periods of relatively dry winters, when the infiltrating waters had time to equilibrate with soil CO2 evolved from C3 vegetation, and degassing was less intense." (Frisia et al., 2006)'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'd13C'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'calcite'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
  paleo column metadata: d13C (S2LRYLJY313wYQ): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by 'Record covers ~3500 with hiatuses over ~7500 years of the holocene'

version: 1.0.0
curator: nick
timestamp: 2020-09-29 14:26:38 UTC
notes: Created from SISALv2

citation: Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Mangini, A., Sp<f6>tl, C., Madonia, G. and Sauro, U.: Holocene Climate Variability in Sicily from a Discontinuous Stalagmite Record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic Transition, Quat. Res., 66(3), 388<96>400, 2006.
doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.003
year: 2006

citation: Madonia, G., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Macaluso, T., Mangini, A., Paladini, M., Piccini, L., Miorandi, R., Sp<f6>tl, C., Sauro, U., Agnesi, V., Di Pietro, R., Palmeri, A. and Vattano, M.: La Grotta di Carburangeli--ricostruzione climatica dell<92>Olocene per la piana costiera della Sicilia nord-occidentale, Stud. Trent Sci Nat Acta Geol, 80, 153<96>167, 2005.
doi: http://www2.muse.it/pubblicazioni/6/actaG80/Vol_ACTA_80_2003_153-167.pdf
year: 2005

longitude: 13.1603
latitude: 38.1665
elevation: 22
geology: limestone
has monitoring: yes
rock age: Pleistocene
sisal site id: 129
site name: Grotta di Carburangeli