{ "paleoData": [ { "measurementTable": [ { "googleWorkSheetKey": "ofr77xm", "tableName": "paleo1measurement1", "missingValue": "NaN", "d18O": { "archiveGenus": "Ceratoporella", "archiveSpecies": "Ceratoporella nicholsoni", "chronologyIntegrationTime": "1", "chronologyIntegrationTimeBasis": "sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUncertainty": "subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUncertaintyType": "U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology", "chronologyIntegrationTimeUnits": "years", "description": "carbonate", "equilibriumEvidence": "mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).", "hasChron": "1", "hasMaxValue": 0.64, "hasMeanValue": 0.4156, "hasMedianValue": 0.43, "hasMinValue": 0.06, "hasPaleoDepth": "0", "hasTimeTsid": "MAT2569a32240", "inferredMaterial": "subsurface seawater", "inferredMaterialGroup": "surface water", "inferredMaterialGroupOriginal": "subsurface seawater", "instrument": "Kiel III automated carbonate device attached to a Delta Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)", "iso2kCertification": "JLC; KLD (12/31/19)", "iso2kPrimaryTimeseries": "TRUE", "iso2kUI": "SS05ROES01A", "isPrimary": false, "longName": "AD", "measurementMaterial": "Sclerosponge", "measurementMaterialDetail": "aragonite", "measurementStandard": "VPDB", "measurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "measurementTableName": "measurementTable1", "medianRes12k": "NA", "notes": "; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally annual; archiveType changed - was originally Sclerosponge (SS)", "pages2kId": "Ocn_140", "pages2kID": "Ocn_140", "paleoDataMD5": "d4d5a74e5acc90bb90fab3e791ee4c29", "paleoDataTableName": "pt1_1", "paleoMeasurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "primaryAgeColumn": false, "proxy": "d18O", "proxyLumps": "isotope", "proxyLumpsOriginal": "d18O", "QCCertification": "JLC; KLD (12/31/19)", "QCnotes": "JLC: The site name is Exuma Sound, which is different than TOTO (Tongue of the Ocean), based on map in Rosenheim paper (but labeled this way in NOAA Paleo). The lat and lon provided for site on NOAA paleo are different than what is here, and match paper more accurately. correct Lat: 23.67N correct Lon: 75.75W; (additional notes) This record appears in th same paper as the Tongue of the Ocean sclerosponge record of Swart et al., 2002 and Rosenheim, 2005. The Sr/Ca data and calibration of that data appears in Rosenheim et al., 2004. The data from Swart 2002 had the chronology adjusted by Rosenheim 2005, do not Swart 2002 data in final version.", "TSid": "Ocean2kHR_112_iso2k", "uncertaintyAnalytical": "0.06%", "units": "permil", "useInGlobalTemperatureAnalysis": "TRUE", "variableName": "d18O", "variableType": "measured", "values": [0.58, 0.52, 0.31, 0.36, 0.31, 0.28, 0.42, 0.62, 0.63, 0.53, 0.44, 0.48, 0.44, 0.46, 0.42, 0.54, 0.4, 0.4, 0.48, 0.64, 0.6, 0.61, 0.47, 0.46, 0.53, 0.62, 0.63, 0.51, 0.43, 0.33, 0.27, 0.1, 0.28, 0.52, 0.49, 0.49, 0.48, 0.39, 0.38, 0.43, 0.35, 0.06, 0.25, 0.16, 0.27, 0.3, 0.23, 0.37, 0.46, 0.49, 0.5, 0.43, 0.35, 0.4, 0.25, 0.37, 0.32, 0.31, 0.27, 0.19, 0.41, 0.46, 0.48, 0.43, 0.47, 0.48, 0.47, 0.39, 0.4, 0.47, 0.42, 0.45, 0.37, 0.41, 0.45, 0.36, 0.41, 0.4, 0.42, 0.39, 0.45, 0.51, 0.48, 0.42, 0.35, 0.28, 0.23, 0.4, 0.53, 0.51, 0.48, 0.46, 0.43, 0.43, 0.43, 0.45, 0.43, 0.38, 0.28, 0.5, 0.4], "mostRecentCompilations": null, "primaryTimeseries": null, "interpretation": [ { "basis": "we find secular salinity increases of 0.35 A± 0.34 psu in Exuma Sound and 0.5 A± 0.35 psu in TOTO that must happen coevally with the secular temperature increases to explain the discrepancies between Sr/Ca and d18Oaragonite linear temperature trends. It is evident from (4) that our reconstruction is sensitive to the gradient d18Osw/S (0.54 %psu1). Despite the significant cumulative residual error from equations (1)a€“(3) (auxiliary material), our data clearly identify salinity variation in the subsurface waters of both Exuma Sound and TOTO during the last 100 years.", "direction": "decrease", "interpDirection": "decrease", "scope": "climate", "seasonality": "Annual", "seasonalityOriginal": "Annual", "variable": "temperature", "variableDetail": "subsurface, 136 m", "variableGroup": "temperature and salinity", "dynamical": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "basis": "bohm 2000 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00408-1", "coefficient": "NA", "direction": "negative", "equilibriumEvidence": "mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).", "fraction": "NA", "inferredMaterial": "seawater", "integrationTime": "1", "integrationTimeBasis": "sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.", "integrationTimeUncertainty": "subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data", "integrationTimeUncertaintyType": "U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology", "integrationTimeUnits": "year", "mathematicalRelation": "linear", "rank": 1, "scope": "isotope", "variable": "temperature", "variableGroup": "Temperature", "variableGroupDirection": "negative", "variableGroupOriginal": "T_water", "seasonality": null }, { "basis": "Oxygen isotope values (d18O) are measured in %VPDB for aragonite and % SMOW for water. Ratios of Sr/Ca are measured in mmolmol1, temperature (T) is in C, and salinity (S) is in psu. Equation (3) is constructed from surface waters (<50 m) of the return flow of the N. Atlantic Gyre between 45N and 31N. During transport between these latitudes, this water mass begins adopting the properties of the SMW [Krauss, 1986; Ottens, 1991]. By combining and rearranging these equations to reconstruct the salinity record preserved in Bahamas sclerosponges,", "coefficient": "NA", "direction": "negative", "equilibriumEvidence": "mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).", "fraction": "NA", "inferredMaterial": "seawater", "integrationTime": "1", "integrationTimeBasis": "sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.", "integrationTimeUncertainty": "subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data", "integrationTimeUncertaintyType": "U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology", "integrationTimeUnits": "year", "mathematicalRelation": "linear", "rank": 2, "scope": "isotope", "variable": "salinity", "variableGroup": "EffectiveMoisture", "variableGroupDirection": "negative", "variableGroupOriginal": "salinity_seawater", "seasonality": null }, { "coefficient": "NA", "fraction": "NA", "rank": "NA", "scope": "isotope", "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null } ], "calibration": { "equation": "S = 1/0.54[40- (d18Oarag + 2.0Sr/Ca)]", "reference": "Rosenheim 2005 10.1029/2004GL021499" }, "hasResolution": { "hasMaxValue": 1, "hasMeanValue": 1, "hasMedianValue": 1, "hasMinValue": 1, "units": "AD" }, "inCompilationBeta": [ { "compilationName": "iso2k", "compilationVersion": ["0_14_8", "0_15_0", "1_0_0", "1_0_1", "1_1_0", "1_1_1", "1_1_2"] } ] }, "year": { "dataType": "float", "description": "Year AD", "hasMaxValue": 1990, "hasMeanValue": 1940, "hasMedianValue": 1940, "hasMinValue": 1890, "hasTimeTsid": "MAT2569a32240", "inferredVariableType": "year", "iso2kPrimaryTimeseries": "FALSE", "isPrimary": true, "longName": "AD", "measurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "measurementTableName": "measurementTable1", "medianRes12k": "NA", "paleoDataMD5": "d4d5a74e5acc90bb90fab3e791ee4c29", "paleoDataTableName": "pt1_1", "paleoMeasurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "primaryAgeColumn": true, "TSid": "MAT2569a32240", "units": "yr AD", "unitsOriginal": "CE", "variableName": "year", "variableType": "inferred", "values": [1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990], "hasResolution": { "hasMaxValue": 1, "hasMeanValue": 1, "hasMedianValue": 1, "hasMinValue": 1, "units": "AD" } }, "Sr/Ca": { "archiveGenus": "Ceratoporella", "archiveSpecies": "Ceratoporella nicholsoni", "description": "carbonate", "hasChron": "1", "hasMaxValue": 10.48, "hasMeanValue": 10.2377, "hasMedianValue": 10.23, "hasMinValue": 10.06, "hasPaleoDepth": "0", "hasTimeTsid": "MAT2569a32240", "inferredMaterial": "subsurface_seawater", "inferredMaterialGroup": "subsurface_seawater", "inferredMaterialGroupOriginal": "surface seawater", "iso2kCertification": "KLD (12/31/19)", "iso2kHackathonNotes": "Archive team- in inferred material, need to differentiate between surface and subsurface water.", "iso2kPrimaryTimeseries": "FALSE", "iso2kUI": "SS05ROES01AT1", "isPrimary": false, "longName": "AD", "measurementMaterial": "Sclerosponge", "measurementMaterialDetail": "aragonite", "measurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "measurementTableName": "measurementTable1", "medianRes12k": "NA", "notes": "; paleoData_variableName changed - was originally Sr_Ca; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally annual; paleoData_variableName changed - was originally Sr_Ca; archiveType changed - was originally Sclerosponge (SS)", "pages2kId": "Ocn_141", "pages2kID": "Ocn_141", "paleoDataMD5": "d4d5a74e5acc90bb90fab3e791ee4c29", "paleoDataTableName": "pt1_1", "paleoMeasurementTableMD5": "6672bd3cc7f54628a79ed658ccd003bb", "primaryAgeColumn": false, "proxy": "Sr/Ca", "proxyLumps": "major_element", "proxyLumpsOriginal": "Sr/Ca", "QCCertification": "KLD (12/31/19)", "TSid": "Ocean2kHR_113_iso2k", "units": "mmol/mol", "useInGlobalTemperatureAnalysis": "TRUE", "variableName": "Sr/Ca", "variableNameOriginal": "Sr_Ca", "values": [10.43, 10.42, 10.35, 10.35, 10.24, 10.22, 10.28, 10.31, 10.36, 10.41, 10.17, 10.13, 10.33, 10.38, 10.33, 10.48, 10.33, 10.25, 10.3, 10.36, 10.2, 10.2, 10.23, 10.18, 10.28, 10.24, 10.18, 10.19, 10.2, 10.29, 10.3, 10.2, 10.32, 10.28, 10.23, 10.18, 10.17, 10.38, 10.31, 10.23, 10.1, 10.28, 10.45, 10.33, 10.25, 10.22, 10.32, 10.32, 10.4, 10.39, 10.33, 10.28, 10.2, 10.18, 10.14, 10.14, 10.2, 10.14, 10.12, 10.09, 10.14, 10.1, 10.06, 10.19, 10.25, 10.31, 10.31, 10.23, 10.26, 10.09, 10.3, 10.43, 10.37, 10.17, 10.26, 10.27, 10.23, 10.25, 10.22, 10.21, 10.27, 10.34, 10.2, 10.12, 10.13, 10.16, 10.13, 10.16, 10.24, 10.15, 10.16, 10.17, 10.13, 10.06, 10.11, 10.09, 10.11, 10.18, 10.18, 10.1, 10.07], "mostRecentCompilations": null, "primaryTimeseries": null, "QCnotes": null, "interpretation": [ { "direction": "decrease", "interpDirection": "decrease", "scope": "climate", "seasonality": "Annual", "seasonalityOriginal": "Annual", "variable": "temperature", "variableDetail": "sea@surface", "variableDetailOriginal": "sea_surface", "variableGroup": "Temperature", "variableGroupDirection": "negative", "variableGroupOriginal": "T", "variableOriginal": "temperature", "basis": null, "dynamical": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "scope": "climate", "basis": null, "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null, "variableDetail": null }, { "coefficient": "NA", "fraction": "NA", "inferredMaterial": "seawater", "rank": "NA", "scope": "isotope", "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null }, { "coefficient": "NA", "fraction": "NA", "rank": "NA", "scope": "isotope", "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null }, { "coefficient": "NA", "fraction": "NA", "rank": "NA", "scope": "isotope", "direction": null, "seasonality": null, "variable": null } ], "hasResolution": { "hasMaxValue": 1, "hasMeanValue": 1, "hasMedianValue": 1, "hasMinValue": 1, "units": "AD" } } } ] } ], "dataSetName": "SS05ROES", "archiveType": "Sclerosponge", "archiveTypeOriginal": "sclerosponge", "createdBy": "matlab", "dataAcquisitionNotes": "http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bahamas-sclerosponge2005.txt", "dataContributor": "KHK", "datasetId": "PBWAsecE3wOhGEpJLXsk", "datasetVersion": "1.0.6", "googleMetadataWorksheet": "otlu286", "googleSpreadSheetKey": "1S4sofCW7U7QV5Gc_h2Q6GOEl_fmPhTs_1qcIQgmrPMw", "hasChron": "1", "hasDepth": "0", "hasPaleoDepth": 0, "investigators": "Rosenheim, Brad E. | Rosenheim, Brad E.", "lipdverseLink": "https://lipdverse.org/data/PBWAsecE3wOhGEpJLXsk/1_0_6", "maxYear": 1990, "minYear": 1890, "modernSystem_instrumentalDatasetCoordinates": "23.92, -76.83", "modernSystem_instrumentalDatasetURL": "http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bahamas-sclerosponge2005.txt", "nUniqueAges": 3, "nUniqueGoodAges": 0, "nUniqueOtherAges": 0, "originalDataUrl": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1920", "originalDataURL": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1920", "studyName": "Exuma Sound Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data", "tagMD5": "9c9b088af25387d2c685de6fabdeec9e", "lipdVersion": 1.3, "changelog": [ { "version": "1.0.6", "lastVersion": "1.0.5", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-17 20:05:05.699965 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Column metadata": [ ["year (MAT2569a32240): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'"], ["year (MAT2569a32240): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.5", "lastVersion": "1.0.4", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-11 16:27:24.140553 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_basis: 'bohm 2000 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00408-1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_equilibriumEvidence: 'mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_integrationTime: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_integrationTimeBasis: 'sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_integrationTimeUncertainty: 'subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: 'U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_integrationTimeUnits: 'year' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_rank: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variable: 'temperature' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variableGroup: 'Temperature' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variableGroupOriginal: 'T_water' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_basis: 'Oxygen isotope values (d18O) are measured in %VPDB for aragonite and % SMOW for water. Ratios of Sr/Ca are measured in mmolmol1, temperature (T) is in C, and salinity (S) is in psu. Equation (3) is constructed from surface waters (<50 m) of the return flow of the N. Atlantic Gyre between 45N and 31N. During transport between these latitudes, this water mass begins adopting the properties of the SMW [Krauss, 1986; Ottens, 1991]. By combining and rearranging these equations to reconstruct the salinity record preserved in Bahamas sclerosponges,' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_direction: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_equilibriumEvidence: 'mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_integrationTime: '1' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_integrationTimeBasis: 'sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_integrationTimeUncertainty: 'subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: 'U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_integrationTimeUnits: 'year' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_mathematicalRelation: 'linear' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_rank: '2' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variable: 'salinity' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variableGroup: 'EffectiveMoisture' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variableGroupDirection: 'negative' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variableGroupOriginal: 'salinity_seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_rank: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_basis: '' has been replaced by 'bohm 2000 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00408-1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_equilibriumEvidence: '' has been replaced by 'mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_integrationTimeUncertainty: '' has been replaced by 'subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: '' has been replaced by 'U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'year'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_variable: '' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'Temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'T_water'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_basis: '' has been replaced by 'Oxygen isotope values (d18O) are measured in %VPDB for aragonite and % SMOW for water. Ratios of Sr/Ca are measured in mmolmol1, temperature (T) is in C, and salinity (S) is in psu. Equation (3) is constructed from surface waters (<50 m) of the return flow of the N. Atlantic Gyre between 45N and 31N. During transport between these latitudes, this water mass begins adopting the properties of the SMW [Krauss, 1986; Ottens, 1991]. By combining and rearranging these equations to reconstruct the salinity record preserved in Bahamas sclerosponges,'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_direction: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_equilibriumEvidence: '' has been replaced by 'mode of skeleton formation of Ceratoporella nicholsoni suggest that these sponges precipitate aragonite close to isotopic equilibrium (bohm, 2000).'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by '1'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'sclerosponges were dated using U/Th radiometric techniques and then analyzed using high resolution micromilling for oxygen isotope analysis via isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser ablation sampling for Sr/Ca analysis via ICP-MS. Constant-growth age models constructed from U/Th dating indicate growth rates of 145 mmy1 for the Exuma sclerosponge and 172 mmy1 for the TOTO sclerosponge (auxiliary material1). The radiometric age model of the TOTO sclerosponge was tuned to annual Sr/ Ca variations after Swart et al. [2002], however because tuned age models and constant growth models are within 5% [Swart et al., 2002], the U/Th constant growth model was used for the Exuma sclerosponge.'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_integrationTimeUncertainty: '' has been replaced by 'subannual samples averaged to annual for archived data'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_integrationTimeUncertaintyType: '' has been replaced by 'U/Th dating and Sr/Ca for annual cycles to define chronology'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'year'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'linear'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_rank: '' has been replaced by '2'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_variable: '' has been replaced by 'salinity'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'EffectiveMoisture'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'negative'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation5_variableGroupOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'salinity_seawater'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'seawater' has been replaced by ''"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation3_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation4_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'seawater'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.4", "lastVersion": "1.0.3", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-09 21:54:37.317095 UTC", "notes": "Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variable: 'salinity_seawater' has been replaced by 'salinity'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.3", "lastVersion": "1.0.2", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-09 20:28:12.743031 UTC", "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation1_variable: 'temperature and salinity' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation2_variable: 'T_water' has been replaced by 'temperature'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation3_variable: 'salinity_seawater' has been replaced by 'salinity'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation1_seasonality: 'annual' has been replaced by 'Annual'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation1_variable: 'T' has been replaced by 'temperature'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.2", "lastVersion": "1.0.1", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2025-04-08 17:34:54.075094 UTC", "notes": "Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process", "changes": { "Paleo Column metadata": [ ["year (MAT2569a32240): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'"], ["year (MAT2569a32240): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"], ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'"] ] } }, { "version": "1.0.1", "lastVersion": "1.0.0", "curator": "nicholas", "timestamp": "2022-08-16 23:29:50 UTC", "changes": { "Paleo Interpretation metadata": [ ["d18O (Ocean2kHR_112): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"], ["Sr/Ca (Ocean2kHR_113): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'"] ] } } ], "testField": null, "environmentInterpretation1_direction": null, "environmentInterpretation1_seasonality": null, "environmentInterpretation1_variable": null, "pub": [ { "author": { "name": "Rosenheim, Brad E." }, "citation": "Rosenheim, B. E.: Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Geophysical Research Letters, 32(2), doi:10.1029/2004gl021499, 2005.", "citeKey": "rosenheim2005salinity", "dataUrl": "doi.org", "doi": "10.1029/2004GL021499", "issue": "2-Jan", "journal": "Geophys. Res. Lett.", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "title": "Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation", "type": "article", "volume": 32, "year": 2005 }, { "author": { "name": "Rosenheim, B." }, "institution": "World Data Center for Paleoclimatology", "title": "Ocean2kHR-AtlanticBahamasExumaRosenheim2005", "type": "dataCitation", "url": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1920", "citation": null, "doi": null } ], "geo": { "longitude": -75.75, "latitude": 23.67, "elevation": -136, "geometryType": "Point", "ocean": "Atlantic", "pages2kRegion": "Ocean", "siteName": "Exuma Sound Bahamas" }, "@context": "context.jsonld" }