NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized
NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized
. In the present study, considering its high coherency with arboreal pollen and sand proportion data (Figure 4b–e), we interpret Ti as reflecting hydroclimate change in the study area.
NA; paleoData_summaryStatistic has been standardized
NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized
NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxy: '((( Sediment ))) deleteMe /// Ti' has been replaced by 'Ti'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '((( Element ))) element /// elemental' has been replaced by 'elemental'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_units: '((( area ))) needsToBeChanged /// cps' has been replaced by 'cps'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxy: 'Ti' has been replaced by '((( Sediment ))) deleteMe /// Ti'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxyGeneral: 'elemental' has been replaced by '((( Element ))) element /// elemental'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_units: 'cps' has been replaced by '((( area ))) needsToBeChanged /// cps'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_QCCertification: 'CH' has been replaced by 'CH, CR'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by '*'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_QCCertification: 'CH' has been replaced by 'CH, CR'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_QCnotes: '' has been replaced by '*'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'Ti'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxyGeneral: 'Element' has been replaced by 'elemental'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_units: 'needsToBeChanged' has been replaced by 'cps'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_proxyGeneral: 'pollen' has been replaced by 'floral assemblage'
Ti (WEB2e632027): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
geo_elevation: '' has been replaced by '5'
depth (WEB01c2d9e8): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (WEB01c2d9e8): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
Pollen_indet (WEB04b0800a): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized'
Pollen_indet (WEB04b0800a): paleoData_variableName: 'Pollen indet' has been replaced by 'Pollen_indet'
Pollen_indet (WEB04b0800a): paleoData_isAssemblage: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxy: 'Sediment' has been replaced by ''
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_units: 'area' has been replaced by 'needsToBeChanged'
Ti (WEB2e632027): paleoData_variableName: 'Ti peak area' has been replaced by 'Ti'
grainSize (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_summaryStatistic has been standardized'
grainSize (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_variableName: '<4 um' has been replaced by 'grainSize'
grainSize (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_summaryStatistic: '' has been replaced by '<4 um'
grainSize (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized'
grainSize (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_variableName: '63-4 um' has been replaced by 'grainSize'
grainSize (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by '63-4 um'
Pollen_fern_spores (WEB7f5c8c71): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized'
Pollen_fern_spores (WEB7f5c8c71): paleoData_variableName: 'Pollen fern spores' has been replaced by 'Pollen_fern_spores'
Pollen_fern_spores (WEB7f5c8c71): paleoData_isAssemblage: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
depth (WEB9d7bc1be): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (WEB9d7bc1be): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
aquaticPollen (WEBaadcf756): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized'
aquaticPollen (WEBaadcf756): paleoData_variableName: 'Pollen aquat' has been replaced by 'aquaticPollen'
aquaticPollen (WEBaadcf756): paleoData_isAssemblage: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
grainSize (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_summaryStatistic has been standardized'
grainSize (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_variableName: '>63 um' has been replaced by 'grainSize'
grainSize (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_summaryStatistic: '' has been replaced by '>63 um'
depth (WEBdc06fbb8): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (WEBdc06fbb8): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
Pollen_herbs (WEBe56c03b0): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized'
Pollen_herbs (WEBe56c03b0): paleoData_variableName: 'Pollen herbs' has been replaced by 'Pollen_herbs'
Pollen_herbs (WEBe56c03b0): paleoData_isAssemblage: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isAssemblage has been standardized'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_variableName: 'Pollen trees+shrubs' has been replaced by 'Pollen_trees+shrubs'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_isAssemblage: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
Ti (WEB2e632027): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
Pollen_trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
originalDataUrl: 'https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922338' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922338'
geo_elevation: '5' has been replaced by ''
Pollen indet (WEB04b0800a): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
<4 um (WEB6f75eb97): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
63-4 um (WEB746de6b7): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Pollen fern spores (WEB7f5c8c71): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Pollen aquat (WEBaadcf756): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
>63 um (WEBb19c25d1): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Pollen herbs (WEBe56c03b0): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
Pollen indet (WEB04b0800a): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
Pollen indet (WEB04b0800a): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_units: 'cal yr BP' has been replaced by 'BP'
age (WEB153d318a): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'cal yr BP'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_units: 'cal yr BP' has been replaced by 'BP'
age (WEB29f90a78): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'cal yr BP'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'Sediment'
<4 um (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
<4 um (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
63-4 um (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
63-4 um (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
Pollen aquat (WEBaadcf756): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
Pollen aquat (WEBaadcf756): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
>63 um (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
>63 um (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_units: 'cal yr BP' has been replaced by 'BP'
age (WEBe009bd51): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'cal yr BP'
Pollen herbs (WEBe56c03b0): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
Pollen herbs (WEBe56c03b0): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_units: '%' has been replaced by 'percent'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by '%'
Pollen indet (WEB04b0800a): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
<4 um (WEB6f75eb97): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
63-4 um (WEB746de6b7): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
Pollen fern spores (WEB7f5c8c71): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
Pollen aquat (WEBaadcf756): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
>63 um (WEBb19c25d1): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
Pollen herbs (WEBe56c03b0): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P-E'
originalDataUrl: '' has been replaced by 'https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922338'
geo_gcmdLocation: '' has been replaced by 'Asia>Eastern Asia>South Korea'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxy: 'Element' has been replaced by 'Sediment'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '. In the present study, considering its high coherency with arboreal pollen and sand proportion data (Figure 4b–e), we interpret Ti as reflecting hydroclimate change in the study area.'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Element'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_proxy: 'Pollen' has been replaced by 'pollen'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by '% tree'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'pollen'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
Ti peak area (WEB2e632027): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
Pollen trees+shrubs (WEBfbcf81a6): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
pub1_author: 'list(list(name = "Park, Jinheum"), list(name = "Park, Jungjae"), list(name = "Yi, Sangheon"), list(name = "Lim, Jaesoo"), list(name = "Kim, Jin Cheul"), list(name = "Jin, Qiuhong"), list(name = "Choi, Jieun"))' has been replaced by 'Park, Jinheum'
<4 um (WEB6f75eb97): paleoData_variableName: '<4 µm' has been replaced by '<4 um'
63-4 um (WEB746de6b7): paleoData_variableName: '63-4 µm' has been replaced by '63-4 um'
>63 um (WEBb19c25d1): paleoData_variableName: '>63 µm' has been replaced by '>63 um'
Holocene hydroclimate reconstruction based on pollen, XRF, and grain-size analyses and its implications for past societies of the Korean Peninsula
The dynamics of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and their link to past societies during the Holocene are topics of growing interest. In this study, we present results of pollen, geochemistry, and grain-size analyses from the STP18-03 core sampled from Miryang in the Korean Peninsula, which spans ca. 8.3–2.3 ka BP. In-phase relationships of these proxies revealed an imprint of the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) during the early to mid-Holocene and subsequent drying toward the late-Holocene in accordance with decreasing solar insolation. At centennial timescales, our study indicates drier climate during ca. 7.5–7.1, 6.4–6.0, and 4.8–3.6 ka BP. Notably, our finding for ca. 6.4–6.0 ka BP contributes further evidence of a drying event in the Korean Peninsula during this period. We suggest that the Pacific Ocean played a role in the underlying mechanism of hydroclimate change in the region. A strong Kuroshio Current (KC) and long-term El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variability in the Western Tropical Pacific (WTP) were closely linked to the influence of the EASM over the Korean Peninsula. In particular, dry phases during ca. 4.8–3.6 and 2.8–2.3 ka BP, which were synchronous with a more active ENSO, closely corresponded to lower population levels indicated by a summed probability distribution (SPD) of archaeological records previously assembled in the Korean Peninsula. This finding implies that past human societies of Korea were highly vulnerable to climate deterioration caused by precipitation deficits.