Owing to the low cave temperature kinetic isotope effects are minimal (Mangini et al., 2005; Vollweiler et al., 2006).
measured using an online, automated carbonate preparation system linked to a triple collector gas source mass spectrometer at the University of Innsbruck
; archiveType changed - was originally Speleothem (SP)
Spannagel ?18O records and growth phases are in agreement with the ?18O pattern in Greenland ice cores on millennial to orbital timescales (Spi¿½tl and Mangini, 2007 Spi¿½tl et al., 2006), with sediment proxies and growth of deep-sea corals from the North Atlantic (Frank et al., 2009; Mangini et al., 2005) and with other stalagmites from central Europe (Mangini et al., 2007). Trouet et al. (2009) found and discussed similarities of Spannagel speleothem ?18O values in relation to their NAO reconstruction for the past 1000 yr based on speleothem data from Scotland (Proctor et al., 2000) and tree-ring data from Morocco (Esper et al., 2007). In addition, the super-regional character of our alpine location was explicitly demonstrated in a proxy intercomparison study investigating teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and mid-latitude regions (Graham et al., 2007).
variations in air temperature due to large-scale atmospheric patterns
The observed strong decrease in the ?18O by about 1.5? between 11 and 10 ka, for example, is rather a change of the source region than a pure temperature effect. Based on this assumption, during the deglaciation the trajectories more frequently followed southerly routes. Towards the transition into the Holocene the main contribution of precipitation probably originated from more northern regions of the Atlantic, where the surface ocean is generally more depleted in 18O (LeGrande and Schmidt, 2006).
Average resolution of each stal 5.1 yr (SPA12), 3.5 yr (SPA128), 8 yr (SPA70), 4 yr (SPA127) and 1.6 yr (SPA133).
iscam method (Fohlmeister et al., 2012), based on simulations and correlation calculations between pairs of climate records (this is a stack of 5 records). Point-wise linear interpolation between data points. Typical age errors are smaller than 2%.
mid-point depth of the sub-sample drilled for U-Th age
[230Th/238U] activity measured in the sub-sample
Analytical uncertainty of 230Th-238U activity
Analytical uncertainty of 230Th-232Th ratio
Analytical uncertainty of Uncorrected Age
Uncertainty of Corrected Age (includes Th correction)
Calculated initial d234U in the sub-sample
Analytical uncertainty of calculated d234U initial
Depth at the top of the sub-sample for 210Pb analysis
Depth at the bottom of the sub-sample for 210Pb analysis
Lead-210 excess measured in the sub-sample
Depth at the top of the sub-sample for 137Cs analysis
Depth at the bottom of the sub-sample for 137Cs analysis
Cesium-137 g-activity measured in the sub-sample
Analytical uncertainty of 137Cs g-activity
year (MATa7e4c21c51): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
depth (MATf33d41f775): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
depth (MATf33d41f775): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
depth (MATf33d41f775): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): paleoData_primaryAgeColumn: '' has been replaced by 'FALSE'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
depth (MATf33d41f775): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
depth (MATf33d41f775): interpretation2_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
depth (MATf33d41f775): interpretation3_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_basis: 'The observed strong decrease in the ?18O by about 1.5? between 11 and 10 ka, for example, is rather a change of the source region than a pure temperature effect. Based on this assumption, during the deglaciation the trajectories more frequently followed southerly routes. Towards the transition into the Holocene the main contribution of precipitation probably originated from more northern regions of the Atlantic, where the surface ocean is generally more depleted in 18O (LeGrande and Schmidt, 2006).' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_direction: 'positive' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_equilibriumEvidence: 'Owing to the low cave temperature kinetic isotope effects are minimal (Mangini et al., 2005; Vollweiler et al., 2006).' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_inferredMaterial: 'groundwater d18O' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_integrationTime: 'Average resolution of each stal 5.1 yr (SPA12), 3.5 yr (SPA128), 8 yr (SPA70), 4 yr (SPA127) and 1.6 yr (SPA133).' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_integrationTimeBasis: 'iscam method (Fohlmeister et al., 2012), based on simulations and correlation calculations between pairs of climate records (this is a stack of 5 records). Point-wise linear interpolation between data points. Typical age errors are smaller than 2%.' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_integrationTimeUnits: 'year' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_mathematicalRelation: 'nonlinear.' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_rank: '1' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_seasonality: 'Sep-Feb' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_variable: 'precipitationIsotope' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_variableGroup: 'P_isotope' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_variableGroupDirection: 'positive' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation3_rank: '2' has been replaced by ''
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation3_scope: 'isotope' has been replaced by 'climate'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_rank: '' has been replaced by '1'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_basis: '' has been replaced by 'The observed strong decrease in the ?18O by about 1.5? between 11 and 10 ka, for example, is rather a change of the source region than a pure temperature effect. Based on this assumption, during the deglaciation the trajectories more frequently followed southerly routes. Towards the transition into the Holocene the main contribution of precipitation probably originated from more northern regions of the Atlantic, where the surface ocean is generally more depleted in 18O (LeGrande and Schmidt, 2006).'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_direction: '' has been replaced by 'positive'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_equilibriumEvidence: '' has been replaced by 'Owing to the low cave temperature kinetic isotope effects are minimal (Mangini et al., 2005; Vollweiler et al., 2006).'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_inferredMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'groundwater d18O'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_integrationTime: '' has been replaced by 'Average resolution of each stal 5.1 yr (SPA12), 3.5 yr (SPA128), 8 yr (SPA70), 4 yr (SPA127) and 1.6 yr (SPA133).'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_integrationTimeBasis: '' has been replaced by 'iscam method (Fohlmeister et al., 2012), based on simulations and correlation calculations between pairs of climate records (this is a stack of 5 records). Point-wise linear interpolation between data points. Typical age errors are smaller than 2%.'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_integrationTimeUnits: '' has been replaced by 'year'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_mathematicalRelation: '' has been replaced by 'nonlinear.'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_seasonality: '' has been replaced by 'Sep-Feb'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_variable: '' has been replaced by 'precipitationIsotope'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P_isotope'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_variableGroupDirection: '' has been replaced by 'positive'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation5_rank: '' has been replaced by '2'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation5_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation6_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation1_variable: 'Temperature_air' has been replaced by 'temperature'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_seasonality: 'SONDJF' has been replaced by 'Sep-Feb'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation2_variable: 'P_isotope' has been replaced by 'precipitationIsotope'
Changes made as part of LiPDverse vocabulary standardization process
year (MATa7e4c21c51): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'
year (MATa7e4c21c51): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
depth (MATf33d41f775): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): paleoData_longName: '' has been replaced by 'AD'
d18O (SP12FOAT01A): interpretation4_scope: '' has been replaced by 'isotope'
Fohlmeister, J., Vollweiler, N., Spoetl, C. and Mangini, A.: COMNISPA II: Update of a mid-European isotope climate record, 11 ka to present, The Holocene, 23(5), 749–754, doi:10.1177/0959683612465446, 2012.