rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

scope: climate

variable: deleteMe

variableGroup: not interpreted to reflect climate (note by Iso2k compiler: dD precip does not change seasonally in this part of Greenland, likely because source areas are proximal and carry relatively enriched moisture to this region throughout the year)

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: Winter snow melting during growing season. "dD values of long-chain n-alkanes (dDwax) reflect dD of water used by terrestrial vegetation after modification by biosynthetic processes (Sachse et al., 2012 and references therein). Soil moisture provides the source water for terrestrial plants, while lake water is the source for aquatic macrophytes and algae. dD of water in soils can be modified to some extent from dD of annual precipitation by evaporation. However, it has been shown that dDwax is unaltered by plants following leaf formation and therefore reflects dDwater used during leaf flush (Kahmen et al., 2011; Sachse et al., 2010; Tipple et al., 2013). In the Arctic, the majority of leaf formation takes place in late spring/early summer following the return of appreciable sunlight. Because snowmelt is the predominant water source available to plants at the time of leaf formation, the dDwax is potentially biased toward wintertime dDp (i.e. snowfall months). In Tasiilaq, the difference between precipitation-weighted annual average dDp (?92?) and precipitation- weighted average dDp during months with below zero average temperatures (October-April; ?96?) is negligible (Bowen, 2008; Cappelen et al., 2011), and thus, any changes in the timing of leaf formation during the Holocene, or in the seasonality of precipitation, are unlikely to have had much impact on dDwax."

direction: positive

inferredMaterial: soil water

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

variable: precipitationIsotope

variableGroup: P_isotope

variableGroupDirection: positive

direction: negative

inferredMaterial: soil water

scope: isotope

scope: isotope

basis: The extent of isotopic enrichment of surface waters from meteoric water is determined by the degree of evaporative enrichment of the water body (Leng and Anderson, 2003). Therefore, ... the ?D of lipids produced by aquatic plants (?Daq) tracks the degree of evaporative isotopic enrichment of lake water from meteoric water...."The relatively D-enriched values (more positive ?D) of ?D25 and ?D27 are consistent with our interpretation that these compounds reflect isotopically enriched lake water."

direction: negative

interpDirection: negative

scope: climate

seasonality: Summer

variable: effectivePrecipitation

variableDetail: air@surface

variableDetailOriginal: air

variableGroup: moisture balance (P-E)

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: dD values of long-chain n-alkanes (dDwax) reflect dD of water used by terrestrial vegetation after modification by biosynthetic processes (Sachse et al., 2012 and references therein). Soil mois- ture provides the source water for terrestrial plants, while lake water is the source for aquatic macrophytes and algae. dD of water in soils can be modified to some extent from dD of annual precipitation by evaporation. However, it has been shown that dDwax is unaltered by plants following leaf formation and there- fore reflects dDwater used during leaf flush (Kahmen et al., 2011; Sachse et al., 2010; Tipple et al., 2013). In the Arctic, the majority of leaf formation takes place in late spring/early summer follow- ing the return of appreciable sunlight. Because snowmelt is the predominant water source available to plants at the time of leaf formation, the dDwax is potentially biased toward wintertime dDp (i.e. snowfall months). In Tasiilaq, the difference between precipitation-weighted annual average dDp (?92?) and precipitation- weighted average dDp during months with below zero average temperatures (October-April; ?96?) is negligible (Bowen, 2008; Cappelen et al., 2011), and thus, any changes in the timing of leaf formation during the Holocene, or in the seasonality of precipita- tion, are unlikely to have had much impact on dDwaxd

direction: negative

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

variable: hydrologicBalance

variableGroup: EffectiveMoisture

variableGroupDirection: negative

variableGroupOriginal: I_E

basis: see interpretation for independentParameter1

direction: negative

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 2

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

variable: precipitationIsotope

variableGroup: P_isotope

variableGroupDirection: positive

scope: isotope

scope: climate

variable: deleteMe

variableGroup: not interpreted to reflect climate (note by Iso2k compiler: dD precip does not change seasonally in this part of Greenland, likely because source areas are proximal and carry relatively enriched moisture to this region throughout the year)

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: dD values of long-chain n-alkanes (dDwax) reflect dD of water used by terrestrial vegetation after modification by biosynthetic processes (Sachse et al., 2012 and references therein). Soil moisture provides the source water for terrestrial plants, while lake water is the source for aquatic macrophytes and algae. dD of water in soils can be modified to some extent from dD of annual precipitation by evaporation. However, it has been shown that dDwax is unaltered by plants following leaf formation and therefore reflects dDwater used during leaf flush (Kahmen et al., 2011; Sachse et al., 2010; Tipple et al., 2013). In the Arctic, the majority of leaf formation takes place in late spring/early summer following the return of appreciable sunlight. Because snowmelt is the predominant water source available to plants at the time of leaf formation, the dDwax is potentially biased toward wintertime dDp (i.e. snowfall months). In Tasiilaq, the difference between precipitation-weighted annual average dDp (?92?) and precipitation- weighted average dDp during months with below zero average temperatures (October-April; ?96?) is negligible (Bowen, 2008; Cappelen et al., 2011), and thus, any changes in the timing of leaf formation during the Holocene, or in the seasonality of precipita- tion, are unlikely to have had much impact on dDwaxd

direction: positive

mathematicalRelation: linear

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

variable: precipitationIsotope

variableGroup: P_isotope

variableGroupDirection: positive

direction: negative

scope: isotope

scope: isotope

basis: The extent of isotopic enrichment of surface waters from meteoric water is determined by the degree of evaporative enrichment of the water body (Leng and Anderson, 2003). Therefore, ... the ?D of lipids produced by aquatic plants (?Daq) tracks the degree of evaporative isotopic enrichment of lake water from meteoric water...."The relatively D-enriched values (more positive ?D) of ?D25 and ?D27 are consistent with our interpretation that these compounds reflect isotopically enriched lake water."

interpDirection: negative

scope: climate

seasonality: Summer

variable: effectivePrecipitation

variableDetail: air@surface

variableDetailOriginal: air

variableGroup: moisture balance (P-E)

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: ?D values of long-chain n-alkanes (?Dwax) reflect ?D of water used by terrestrial vegetation after modification by biosynthetic processes (Sachse et al., 2012 and references therein). Soil mois- ture provides the source water for terrestrial plants, while lake water is the source for aquatic macrophytes and algae. ?D of water in soils can be modified to some extent from ?D of annual precipitation by evaporation. However, it has been shown that ?Dwax is unaltered by plants following leaf formation and there- fore reflects ?Dwater used during leaf flush (Kahmen et al., 2011; Sachse et al., 2010; Tipple et al., 2013). In the Arctic, the majority of leaf formation takes place in late spring/early summer follow- ing the return of appreciable sunlight. Because snowmelt is the predominant water source available to plants at the time of leaf formation, the ?Dwax is potentially biased toward wintertime ?Dp (i.e. snowfall months). In Tasiilaq, the difference between precip- itation-weighted annual average ?Dp (?92?) and precipitation- weighted average ?Dp during months with below zero average temperatures (October?April; ?96?) is negligible (Bowen, 2008; Cappelen et al., 2011), and thus, any changes in the timing of leaf formation during the Holocene, or in the seasonality of precipita- tion, are unlikely to have had much impact on ?Dwax.

direction: negative

mathematicalRelation: linear

scope: isotope

seasonality: Growing Season

basis: see interpretation for independentParameter1

direction: negative

mathematicalRelation: linear

scope: isotope

seasonality: Winter

scope: isotope