rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

rank: NA

scope: climate

basis: SASM precipitation that falls on the Altiplano is ultimately derived from Atlantic Ocean moisture that has been transported across the Amazon Basin and lifted over the eastern cordillera of the Andes. Altiplano ?Dp thus integrates upstream effects including rainout and moisture recycling over the Amazon Basin, altitude effects associated with upslope moisture transport, and local effects such as the intensity of precipitation (?amount effect?) (Dansgaard, 1964). ... "Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003). Accordingly, the intensity of the SASM is significantly negatively correlated with ?18O (and correspondingly ?D) of modern precipitation in the Cen- tral Andes, as well as throughout much of southern tropical South America (Vuille and Werner, 2005).

direction: decrease

interpDirection: decrease

scope: climate

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: circulationVariable

variableGroup: South American Summer Monsoon precipitation intensity

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: Results from both observational and modeling studies suggest that the dominant control on modern interannual Andean ?Dp variability is Rayleigh-type fractionation during rainout along the trajectory of moist air masses across the Amazon Basin up to the Andes (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Hoffmann et al., 2003; Vimeux et al., 2005; Vuille and Werner, 2005). Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003).

coefficient: NA

direction: positive

fraction: NA

inferredMaterial: soil water

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: precipitationIsotope

variableGroup: P_isotope

variableGroupDirection: positive

basis: Results from both observational and modeling studies suggest that the dominant control on modern interannual Andean ?Dp variability is Rayleigh-type fractionation during rainout along the trajectory of moist air masses across the Amazon Basin up to the Andes (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Hoffmann et al., 2003; Vimeux et al., 2005; Vuille and Werner, 2005). Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003).

coefficient: NA

direction: negative

fraction: NA

rank: 2

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: deleteMe

variableGroup: continental effect

basis: While the isotopic composition of precipitation appears to be the primary control on the structure of the LT ?Dwax record, it is clear that secondary effects also contribute to this signal. Most notably, the much larger range at LT (102h) than at Illimani (58h) over the past 19 kyr suggests the influence of compounding effects on LT ?Dwax, such as decreased regional precipitation, resulting in a more enriched ?Dp, and low local humidity, which would tend to further enrich plant source water by soil water evaporation and/or leaf transpiration. Since such local evapotranspiration feedbacks would be expected to act in step with ?Dp changes, this would serve to amplify the ?Dwax signal and increase its sensitivity to ?Dp variability.

coefficient: NA

direction: positive

fraction: NA

rank: 3

scope: isotope

variable: evaporation

variableGroup: EffectiveMoisture

variableGroupDirection: negative

variableGroupOriginal: soil water evapotranspiration

basis: SASM precipitation that falls on the Altiplano is ultimately derived from Atlantic Ocean moisture that has been transported across the Amazon Basin and lifted over the eastern cordillera of the Andes. Altiplano ?Dp thus integrates upstream effects including rainout and moisture recycling over the Amazon Basin, altitude effects associated with upslope moisture transport, and local effects such as the intensity of precipitation (?amount effect?) (Dansgaard, 1964). ... "Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003). Accordingly, the intensity of the SASM is significantly negatively correlated with ?18O (and correspondingly ?D) of modern precipitation in the Cen- tral Andes, as well as throughout much of southern tropical South America (Vuille and Werner, 2005).

interpDirection: decrease

scope: climate

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: circulationVariable

variableGroup: South American Summer Monsoon precipitation intensity

scope: climate

scope: climate

basis: Results from both observational and modeling studies suggest that the dominant control on modern interannual Andean ?Dp variability is Rayleigh-type fractionation during rainout along the trajectory of moist air masses across the Amazon Basin up to the Andes (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Hoffmann et al., 2003; Vimeux et al., 2005; Vuille and Werner, 2005). Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003).

coefficient: NA

direction: positive

fraction: NA

inferredMaterial: soil water

rank: 1

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: precipitationIsotope

variableGroup: P_isotope

variableGroupDirection: positive

basis: Results from both observational and modeling studies suggest that the dominant control on modern interannual Andean ?Dp variability is Rayleigh-type fractionation during rainout along the trajectory of moist air masses across the Amazon Basin up to the Andes (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Hoffmann et al., 2003; Vimeux et al., 2005; Vuille and Werner, 2005). Increased rainout along this trajectory, as well as increased local precipitation in the Andes, results in more depleted ?Dp, consistent with the continentality and amount effects that dominate ?Dp variability throughout most of tropical South America (Vuille et al., 2003).

coefficient: NA

direction: negative

fraction: NA

inferredMaterial: soil water

rank: 2

scope: isotope

seasonality: Dec-Feb

seasonalityOriginal: SH summer

variable: deleteMe

variableGroup: continental effect

basis: While the isotopic composition of precipitation appears to be the primary control on the structure of the LT ?Dwax record, it is clear that secondary effects also contribute to this signal. Most notably, the much larger range at LT (102h) than at Illimani (58h) over the past 19 kyr suggests the influence of compounding effects on LT ?Dwax, such as decreased regional precipitation, resulting in a more enriched ?Dp, and low local humidity, which would tend to further enrich plant source water by soil water evaporation and/or leaf transpiration. Since such local evapotranspiration feedbacks would be expected to act in step with ?Dp changes, this would serve to amplify the ?Dwax signal and increase its sensitivity to ?Dp variability.

coefficient: NA

direction: positive

fraction: NA

inferredMaterial: soil water

rank: 3

scope: isotope

variable: evaporation

variableGroup: EffectiveMoisture

variableGroupDirection: negative

variableGroupOriginal: soil water evapotranspiration