NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized
NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized
NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized
"e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "
grainSize (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: 'grain size' has been replaced by 'grainSize'
pub2_doi: 'https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo289' has been replaced by '10.1038/ngeo289'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxy: '((( mineral ))) deleteMe /// multiproxy' has been replaced by 'multiproxy'
grain size (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '( log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]'
grain size (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: '((( log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] ))) needsToBeChanged /// grainSize' has been replaced by 'grain size'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '((( null ))) SummerOnly /// Summer' has been replaced by 'Summer'
grain size (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variable: '((( P ))) effectivePrecipitation /// precipitation' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxy: 'multiproxy' has been replaced by '((( mineral ))) deleteMe /// multiproxy'
((( log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] ))) needsToBeChanged /// grainSize (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: 'grainSize' has been replaced by '((( log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] ))) needsToBeChanged /// grainSize'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: 'Summer' has been replaced by '((( null ))) SummerOnly /// Summer'
((( log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] ))) needsToBeChanged /// grainSize (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variable: 'precipitation' has been replaced by '((( P ))) effectivePrecipitation /// precipitation'
grainSize (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '((( ((( ((( ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "; paleoData_variableName updated; paleoData_proxy updated ))) ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " ))) ""We use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " ))) "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "' has been replaced by ''
grainSize (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: '((( ((( needsToBeChanged ))) grainSize /// index ))) index /// index' has been replaced by 'grainSize'
((( ((( needsToBeChanged ))) grainSize /// index ))) index /// index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '"use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "' has been replaced by '((( ((( ((( ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "; paleoData_variableName updated; paleoData_proxy updated ))) ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " ))) ""We use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " ))) "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "'
((( ((( needsToBeChanged ))) grainSize /// index ))) index /// index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: 'index' has been replaced by '((( ((( needsToBeChanged ))) grainSize /// index ))) index /// index'
Updated lipdverse database entry with a changed file.
pub2_doi: '10.1038/ngeo289' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo289'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'null'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_QCCertification: 'CR' has been replaced by ''
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '((( ((( ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "; paleoData_variableName updated; paleoData_proxy updated ))) ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " ))) ""We use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// "use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "' has been replaced by '"use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "'
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_QCCertification: 'CH,CR' has been replaced by 'CH'
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_units: 'ratio' has been replaced by 'unitless'
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: '((( needsToBeChanged ))) grainSize /// index' has been replaced by 'index'
index (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variable: 'effectivePrecipitation' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
index (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'region@surface' has been replaced by '@continent'
geo_elevation: '' has been replaced by '-2278'
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '((( ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "; paleoData_variableName updated; paleoData_proxy updated ))) ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "' has been replaced by '"use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "'
index (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: 'needsToBeChanged' has been replaced by 'index'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'multiproxy'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'elemental'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxyGeneral: 'biophysical' has been replaced by 'sedimentology'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Summer'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_variable: 'P-E' has been replaced by 'effectivePrecipitation'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_variableDetail: 'monsoon' has been replaced by '@surface'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "' has been replaced by '((( ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "; paleoData_variableName updated; paleoData_proxy updated ))) ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. " /// ""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxy: 'mineral' has been replaced by ''
uncertaintyLow (LPD87f9c656xxx): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized'
uncertaintyLow (LPD87f9c656xxx): paleoData_variableName: 'UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Minus0x29' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyLow'
uncertaintyLow (LPD87f9c656xxx): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'dust'
uncertaintyHigh (LPDd737d3bdxxx): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_measurementMaterial has been standardized'
uncertaintyHigh (LPDd737d3bdxxx): paleoData_variableName: 'UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Plus0x29' has been replaced by 'uncertaintyHigh'
uncertaintyHigh (LPDd737d3bdxxx): paleoData_measurementMaterial: '' has been replaced by 'dust'
age (ROodVJ637bW): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (ROodVJ637bW): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (ROodVJ637bW): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (ROodVJ637bW): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
year (RqBN5GXsFru): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
year (RqBN5GXsFru): paleoData_units: 'AD' has been replaced by 'yr AD'
year (RqBN5GXsFru): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
depth (RwsTzGhOpzR): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (RwsTzGhOpzR): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxy: 'particle size' has been replaced by 'grain size'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_variableName: 'log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]' has been replaced by 'needsToBeChanged'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized; paleoData_datum has been standardized'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_units: 'BP' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_datum: '' has been replaced by '1950'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
depth (WEBa1a18e15): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by 'NA; paleoData_isPrimary has been standardized'
depth (WEBa1a18e15): paleoData_isPrimary: '' has been replaced by 'TRUE'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_variable: 'M' has been replaced by 'P-E'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_seasonality: '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12' has been replaced by 'Annual'
needsToBeChanged (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variable: 'P' has been replaced by 'precipitation'
geo_elevation: '-2278' has been replaced by ''
originalDataUrl: '' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.757457'
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Minus0x29 (LPD87f9c656xxx): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Plus0x29 (LPDd737d3bdxxx): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'
archiveType: 'Marine Sediment' has been replaced by 'MarineSediment'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_mostRecentCompilations: '' has been replaced by 'HoloceneAbruptChange-0_10_0'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxyLumps: '' has been replaced by 'biophysical'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxyLumpsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'particle size'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_units: 'index' has been replaced by 'unitless'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'index'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_units: 'yr BP' has been replaced by 'BP'
age (WEB710c4615): paleoData_unitsOriginal: '' has been replaced by 'yr BP'
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Minus0x29 (LPD87f9c656xxx): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Plus0x29 (LPDd737d3bdxxx): interpretation1_scope: 'climate' has been replaced by ''
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_variableGroup: '' has been replaced by 'P'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxy: '' has been replaced by 'particle size'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_notes: '' has been replaced by '""e use the log ratio of the non-aeolian endmember EM3, and the aeolian endmembers EM1 and EM2 (log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]) to indicate relative changes of the continental humidity and vegetation cover. "'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxyDetail: '' has been replaced by 'end member'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_proxyGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'biophysical'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): paleoData_QCCertification: '' has been replaced by 'CH'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_seasonality: 'Annual' has been replaced by '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12'
log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)] (WEB20f89efc): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: '' has been replaced by 'Annual'
pub1_author: 'list(list(name = "Collins, J. A."), list(name = "Govin, A."), list(name = "Mulitza, S."), list(name = "Heslop, D."), list(name = "Zabel, M."), list(name = "Hartmann, J."), list(name = "Röhl, U."), list(name = "Wefer, G."))' has been replaced by 'Collins, J. A.'
geo_gcmdLocation: '' has been replaced by 'Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean'
Column 'WEB20f89efc', with variable name 'log[EM3/(EM1+EM2)]', was added to the dataset
Column 'WEB710c4615', with variable name 'age', was added to the dataset
Column 'WEBa1a18e15', with variable name 'depth', was added to the dataset
archiveType: 'MarineSediment' has been replaced by 'Marine Sediment'
pub1_year: '' has been replaced by '2013'
pub1_abstract: '' has been replaced by ' Abstract. Relict dune fields that are found as far south as 14° N in the modern-day African Sahel are testament to equatorward expansions of the Sahara desert during the Late Pleistocene. However, the discontinuous nature of dune records means that abrupt millennial-timescale climate events are not always resolved. High-resolution marine core studies have identified Heinrich stadials as the dustiest periods of the last glacial in West Africa although the spatial evolution of dust export on millennial timescales has so far not been investigated. We use the major-element composition of four high-resolution marine sediment cores to reconstruct the spatial extent of Saharan-dust versus river-sediment input to the continental margin from West Africa over the last 60 ka. This allows us to map the position of the sediment composition corresponding to the Sahara–Sahel boundary. Our records indicate that the Sahara–Sahel boundary reached its most southerly position (13° N) during Heinrich stadials and hence suggest that these were the periods when the sand dunes formed at 14° N on the continent. Heinrich stadials are associated with cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures which appear to have triggered abrupt increases of aridity and wind strength in the Sahel. Our study illustrates the influence of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the position of the Sahara–Sahel boundary and on global atmospheric dust loading. '
pub1_author: '' has been replaced by 'list(list(name = "Collins, J. A."), list(name = "Govin, A."), list(name = "Mulitza, S."), list(name = "Heslop, D."), list(name = "Zabel, M."), list(name = "Hartmann, J."), list(name = "Röhl, U."), list(name = "Wefer, G."))'
pub1_journal: '' has been replaced by 'Climate of the Past'
pub1_pages: '' has been replaced by '1181-1191'
pub1_title: '' has been replaced by 'Abrupt shifts of the Sahara–Sahel boundary during Heinrich stadials'
pub1_volume: '' has been replaced by '9'
pub2_author: '' has been replaced by 'list(list(name = "Tjallingii, Rik"), list(name = "Claussen, Martin"), list(name = "Stuut, Jan-Berend W."), list(name = "Fohlmeister, Jens"), list(name = "Jahn, Alexandra"), list(name = "Bickert, Torsten"), list(name = "Lamy, Frank"), list(name = "Röhl, Ursula"))'
pub2_doi: '' has been replaced by 'https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo289'
pub2_issue: '' has been replaced by '10'
pub2_journal: '' has been replaced by 'Nature Geoscience'
pub2_pages: '' has been replaced by '670-675'
pub2_publisher: '' has been replaced by 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
pub2_title: '' has been replaced by 'Coherent high- and low-latitude control of the northwest African hydrological balance'
pub2_type: '' has been replaced by 'article-journal'
pub2_volume: '' has been replaced by '1'
pub2_year: '' has been replaced by '2008'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): paleoData_proxyGeneral: 'biophysical' has been replaced by ''
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Minus0x29 (LPD87f9c656xxx): paleoData_units: '' has been replaced by 'unitless'
UncertaintyDust0x5B0x250x5D0x28Plus0x29 (LPDd737d3bdxxx): paleoData_units: '' has been replaced by 'unitless'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_seasonalityGeneral: 'Summer' has been replaced by ''
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_variable: 'DUST' has been replaced by 'M'
dust (LPD23d73becxxx): interpretation1_seasonality: '' has been replaced by 'Summer'
Abrupt shifts of the Sahara–Sahel boundary during Heinrich stadials
Abstract. Relict dune fields that are found as far south as 14° N in the modern-day African Sahel are testament to equatorward expansions of the Sahara desert during the Late Pleistocene. However, the discontinuous nature of dune records means that abrupt millennial-timescale climate events are not always resolved. High-resolution marine core studies have identified Heinrich stadials as the dustiest periods of the last glacial in West Africa although the spatial evolution of dust export on millennial timescales has so far not been investigated. We use the major-element composition of four high-resolution marine sediment cores to reconstruct the spatial extent of Saharan-dust versus river-sediment input to the continental margin from West Africa over the last 60 ka. This allows us to map the position of the sediment composition corresponding to the Sahara–Sahel boundary. Our records indicate that the Sahara–Sahel boundary reached its most southerly position (13° N) during Heinrich stadials and hence suggest that these were the periods when the sand dunes formed at 14° N on the continent. Heinrich stadials are associated with cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures which appear to have triggered abrupt increases of aridity and wind strength in the Sahel. Our study illustrates the influence of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the position of the Sahara–Sahel boundary and on global atmospheric dust loading.
Coherent high- and low-latitude control of the northwest African hydrological balance