The average inferred July temperatures between ca 1900 and 2001 AD were significantly warmer (p < 0.05) than the climate reference period (1961-1990) by 1C which is in agreement with the instrumental data. The inferred July temperatures were in the same range as the inferred temperatures during the last part of the MCA suggesting that during the 20th century at Lake Silvaplana the chironomid-inferred temperatures do not exceed the natural climate variability of the past millennium.

; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally July

Error of prediction of the chironomid-temperature inference model used for reconstruction

Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle;Grosjean, Martin;Heiri, Oliver;Trachsel, Mathias;Kamenik, Christian

Thousand years of climate change reconstructed from chironomid subfossils preserved in varved lake Silvaplana, Engadine, Switzerland

We used multiple linear regression (MLR) to establish a calibration model that explains 84% of the variance of summer (JJAS) temperature during the calibration period 1864_1950. We then applied the calibration model downcore to develop a quantitative summer temperature reconstruction extending back to AD 1177.

Root-mean-squared error of prediction RMSEP

Trachsel, M.;Grosjean, M.;Schnyder, D.;Kamenik, C.;Rein, B.

Scanning reflectance spectroscopy (380–730 nm): a novel method for quantitative high-resolution climate reconstructions from minerogenic lake sediments

Instrumental measurements from high- (low-) elevation grid boxes back to 1818 (1760) reveal strongest growth response to current-year June_September mean temperatures. The reconstruction correlates at 0.7 with high-elevation temperatures back to 1818 with a greater signal in the higher-frequency domain (r 0.8).

dataSetName: 'Eur-Lötschental.Büntgen.2006' has been replaced by 'Eur-Loetschental.Buentgen.2006'

geo_siteName: 'Lötschental' has been replaced by 'Loetschental'

Büntgen, Ulf;Frank, David C.;Nievergelt, Daniel;Esper, Jan

Summer temperature variations in the European Alps, A.D. 755–2004