; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally biannual-to-annual

Abraham Reef, Heron Island - Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Annual Data

d13C (Ocean2kHR_168): interpretation1_scope: '' has been replaced by 'climate'

Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes in the southwestern Pacific

Tierney, Jessica E.;Abram, Nerilie J.;Anchukaitis, Kevin J.;Evans, Michael N.;Giry, Cyril;Kilbourne, K. Halimeda;Saenger, Casey P.;Wu, Henry C.;Zinke, Jens

Tropical sea surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives

; paleoData_variableName changed - was originally temp_C; paleoData_units changed - was originally deg C; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally Annual; archiveType changed - was originally marine sediments

Nieto-Moreno, V.; Martínez-Ruiz, F.; Willmott, V.; García-Orellana, J.; Masqué, P.; Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.

All O2K-LR records have been quality-controlled according to protocols published in Nature Geoscience supplement

The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the Common Era (past 2000 years) global ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variations, and the underlying driving mechanisms, are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of Common Era SSTs derived solely from marine archives. The synthesis uses 57 individual SST reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We find an SST cooling trend during 0-1800 CE that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. The surface cooling trend for 801-1800 CE is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with SST simulated by an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past forcings. Single and cumulative forcing climate model simulations suggest that the ocean SST cooling trend is not a response to orbital forcing, which is globally weak over this interval, but rather to increased frequency of explosive volcanism in recent centuries. This finding provides support for the hypothesis that ocean dynamics transform episodic volcanic forcing into a centennial and global-scale cooling trend.