Vinther, B. M.;Clausen, H. B.;Johnsen, S. J.;Rasmussen, S. O.;Andersen, K. K.;Buchardt, S. L.;Dahl-Jensen, D.;Seierstad, I. K.;Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.;Steffensen, J. P.;Svensson, A.;Olsen, J.;Heinemeier, J.

A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene

; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally 6/7/2008; archiveType changed - was originally ice core; climateInterpretation_seasonality changed - was originally 6/7/2008

using known alpine isotope / temperature relation

Fischer, H.;Werner, M.;Wagenbach, D.;Schwager, M.;Thorsteinnson, T.;Wilhelms, F.;Kipfstuhl, J.;Sommer, S.

Little Ice Age clearly recorded in northern Greenland ice cores

Penny Ice Cap cores, Baffin Island, Canada, and the Wisconsinan Foxe Dome connection: Two states of Hudson Bay ice cover

Okuyama, Junichi;Narita, Hideki;Hondoh, Takeo;Koerner, Roy M.

Physical properties of the P96 ice core from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, and derived climatic records

; paleoData_variableName changed - was originally RSFi; paleoData_units changed - was originally Index; paleoData_proxy changed - was originally Tree Ring; archiveType changed - was originally Tree Ring

Annually resolved and millennium-long reconstructions of large-scale temperature variability are primarily composed of tree ring width (TRW) chronologies. Changes in ring width, however, have recently been shown to bias the ratio between low- and high-frequency signals. To overcome limitations in capturing the full spectrum of past temperature variability, we present a network of 15 maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies distributed across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Independent subsets of continental-scale records consistently reveal high MXD before 1580 and after 1910, with below average values between these periods. Reconstructed extratropical summer temperatures reflect not only these long-term trends but also distinct cooling pulses after large volcanic eruptions. In contrast to TRW-dominated reconstructions, this MXD-based record indicates a delayed onset of the Little Ice Age by almost two centuries. The reduced memory inherent in MXD is likely responsible for the rapid recovery from volcanic-induced cooling in the fourteenth century and the continuation of warmer temperatures until ~1600.