Land surface temperature changes in northern Iberia since 4000 yr BP, based on δ13C of speleothems

The positive correlation between 013C series of the stalagmites and the surface temperature series shown in the previous section is robust in the three samples but requires some further discussion.

Moffa-Sánchez, Paola;Born, Andreas;Hall, Ian R.;Thornalley, David J. R.;Barker, Stephen

Solar forcing of North Atlantic surface temperature and salinity over the past millennium

Here we reconstruct thermocline temperature and salinity in this region from AD 818 to 1780 using paired _18O and Mg/Ca ratio measurements of foraminifer shells from a subdecadally resolved marine sediment core.

Larocque-Tobler, I.;Stewart, M.M.;Quinlan, R.;Trachsel, M.;Kamenik, C.;Grosjean, M.

A last millennium temperature reconstruction using chironomids preserved in sediments of anoxic Seebergsee (Switzerland): consensus at local, regional and Central European scales

When compared to local and regional instrumental records since ca 1760 AD significant (p < 0.01) relationships (rPearson > 0.5) are obtained suggesting that chironomids accurately register the changes in temperature for the past ca 250 years

Dorado Liñán, I.;Büntgen, U.;González-Rouco, F.;Zorita, E.;Montávez, J. P.;Gómez-Navarro, J. J.;Brunet, M.;Heinrich, I.;Helle, G.;Gutiérrez, E.

Estimating 750 years of temperature variations and uncertainties in the Pyrenees by tree-ring reconstructions and climate simulations

Regional chronologies based on nested PCs display high correlation coefficients in the two calibration periods: both regression-calibrated (r1900_1952 = 0.81 and r1953_2005 = 0.75 on average) and scaling-calibrated (r1900_1952 = 0.73 and r1953_2005 = 0.80 on average). Similarly REs are also high (well above 0) for the two verifications.

Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ18O stalagmite record

The uppermost point marks the present-day conditions in Spannagel at +1.8C and y18O= 7.8x. The average temperature in the Alps during the coldest period between 1688 and 1698 coincided with the Maunder Minimum. As derived from Luterbacher's data the average temperature in this period was 1.0 (F0.5) 8C about 1.8 8C lower than in the period between 1995 and 1998.